Contents
About
Acknowledgments
Credits
Documentation
Software
Support Groups
Acknowledgments
Using This Book
Overview
Organization
Typographical Conventions
Conventions for Examples
Accessing the SAS/QC Sample Library
Online Documentation
What’s New in SAS/QC 9.3
Overview
New MVPMODEL Procedure
New MVPMONITOR Procedure
CAPABILITY Procedure Enhancements
FACTEX Procedure Enhancements
RELIABILITY Procedure Enhancements
References
Components of SAS/QC Software
Overview
ADX Interface for Design of Experiments
SQC Menu System for Statistical Quality Control
Procedures for Design of Experiments
Procedures for Control Chart Analysis
Procedure for Process Capability Analysis
Procedures for Basic Quality Problem Solving
Procedure for Reliability Analysis
Procedure for Analysis of Means
SAS/QC Graphics
Overview
Which Graphics Approach Should You Use?
Traditional Graphics
ODS Graphics
Legacy Line Printer Displays
The ANOM Procedure
PROC ANOM and General Statements
Overview: ANOM Procedure
Uses of Analysis of Means
Terminology
History
Using the ANOM Procedure
Syntax: ANOM Procedure
BY and ID Statements
Graphical Enhancement Statements
PROC ANOM Statement
BOXCHART Statement: ANOM Procedure
Overview: BOXCHART Statement
Getting Started: BOXCHART Statement
Creating ANOM Boxcharts from Response Values
Creating ANOM Boxcharts from Group Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics for Groups
Saving Decision Limits
Syntax: BOXCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: BOXCHART Statement
Constructing ANOM Boxcharts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: BOXCHART Statement
ANOM Boxcharts with Unequal Group Sizes
PCHART Statement: ANOM Procedure
Overview: PCHART Statement
Getting Started: PCHART Statement
Creating ANOM Charts for Proportions from Group Counts
Creating ANOM Charts for Proportions from Group Summary Data
Saving Group Proportions
Saving Decision Limits
Syntax: PCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: PCHART Statement
Constructing ANOM Charts for Proportions
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: PCHART Statement
ANOM p Charts with Angled Axis Labels
UCHART Statement: ANOM Procedure
Overview: UCHART Statement
Getting Started: UCHART Statement
Creating ANOM Charts for Rates from Group Counts
Saving Decision Limits
Syntax: UCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: UCHART Statement
Constructing ANOM Charts for Rates
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: UCHART Statement
ANOM u Charts with Angled Axis Labels
XCHART Statement: ANOM Procedure
Overview: XCHART Statement
Getting Started: XCHART Statement
Creating ANOM Charts for Means from Response Values
Creating ANOM Charts for Means from Group Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics for Groups
Saving Decision Limits
Syntax: XCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: XCHART Statement
Constructing ANOM Charts for Means
Constructing ANOM Charts for Two-Way Layouts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: XCHART Statement
ANOM Charts with Unequal Group Sizes
ANOM for a Two-Way Classification
ANOM Charts Using LIMITS= Data Set
ANOM for Cell Means in Presence of Interaction
INSET Statement: ANOM Procedure
Overview: INSET Statement
Getting Started: INSET Statement
Displaying Summary Statistics on an ANOM Chart
Formatting Values and Customizing Labels
Adding a Header and Positioning the Inset
Syntax: INSET Statement
Summary of INSET Keywords
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: INSET Statement
Positioning the Inset Using Compass Points
Positioning the Inset in the Margins
Positioning the Inset Using Coordinates
Dictionary of ANOM Chart Statement Options
References
The CAPABILITY Procedure
Introduction: CAPABILITY Procedure
Learning about the CAPABILITY Procedure
PROC CAPABILITY and General Statements
Overview: CAPABILITY Procedure
Getting Started: CAPABILITY Procedure
Computing Descriptive Statistics
Computing Capability Indices
Syntax: CAPABILITY Procedure
BY, FREQ, WEIGHT, and ID Statements
Graphical Enhancement Statements
PROC CAPABILITY Statement
CLASS Statement
SPEC Statement
Details: CAPABILITY Procedure
Input Data Sets
Output Data Set
Descriptive Statistics
Signed Rank Statistic
Tests for Normality
Percentile Computations
Robust Estimators
Computing the Mode
Assumptions and Terminology for Capability Indices
Standard Capability Indices
Specialized Capability Indices
Missing Values
ODS Tables
Examples: CAPABILITY Procedure
Reading Specification Limits
Enhancing Reference Lines
Displaying a Confidence Interval for Cpk
CDFPLOT Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: CDFPLOT Statement
Getting Started: CDFPLOT Statement
Creating a Cumulative Distribution Plot
Syntax: CDFPLOT Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: CDFPLOT Statement
ODS Graphics
Examples: CDFPLOT Statement
Fitting a Normal Distribution
Using Reference Lines with CDF Plots
COMPHISTOGRAM Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: COMPHISTOGRAM Statement
Getting Started: COMPHISTOGRAM Statement
Creating a One-Way Comparative Histogram
Adding Fitted Normal Curves to a Comparative Histogram
Syntax: COMPHISTOGRAM Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: COMPHISTOGRAM Statement
ODS Graphics
Examples: COMPHISTOGRAM Statement
Adding Insets with Descriptive Statistics
Creating a Two-Way Comparative Histogram
HISTOGRAM Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: HISTOGRAM Statement
Getting Started: HISTOGRAM Statement
Creating a Histogram with Specification Limits
Adding a Normal Curve to the Histogram
Customizing a Histogram
Syntax: HISTOGRAM Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: HISTOGRAM Statement
Formulas for Fitted Curves
Kernel Density Estimates
Printed Output
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
SYMBOL and PATTERN Statement Options
Examples: HISTOGRAM Statement
Fitting a Beta Curve
Fitting Lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma Curves
Comparing Goodness-of-Fit Tests
Computing Capability Indices for Nonnormal Distributions
Computing Kernel Density Estimates
Fitting a Three-Parameter Lognormal Curve
Annotating a Folded Normal Curve
INSET Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: INSET Statement
Getting Started: INSET Statement
Displaying Summary Statistics on a Histogram
Formatting Values and Customizing Labels
Adding a Header and Positioning the Inset
Syntax: INSET Statement
Summary of INSET Keywords
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: INSET Statement
Positioning the Inset Using Compass Points
Positioning the Inset in the Margins
Positioning the Inset Using Coordinates
Examples: INSET Statement
Inset for Goodness-of-Fit Statistics
Inset for Areas Under a Fitted Curve
INTERVALS Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: INTERVALS Statement
Getting Started: INTERVALS Statement
Computing Statistical Intervals
Computing One-Sided Lower Prediction Limits
Syntax: INTERVALS Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: INTERVALS Statement
Methods for Computing Statistical Intervals
OUTINTERVALS= Data Set
ODS Tables
OUTPUT Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: OUTPUT Statement
Getting Started: OUTPUT Statement
Saving Summary Statistics in an Output Data Set
Saving Percentiles in an Output Data Set
Syntax: OUTPUT Statement
Summary of Keywords
Details: OUTPUT Statement
OUT= Data Set
Examples: OUTPUT Statement
Computing Nonstandard Capability Indices
Approximate Confidence Limits for Cpk
PPPLOT Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: PPPLOT Statement
Getting Started: PPPLOT Statement
Creating a Normal Probability-Probability Plot
Syntax: PPPLOT Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: PPPLOT Statement
Construction and Interpretation of P-P Plots
Comparison of P-P Plots and Q-Q Plots
Summary of Theoretical Distributions
Specification of Symbol Markers
Specification of the Distribution Reference Line
ODS Graphics
PROBPLOT Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: PROBPLOT Statement
Getting Started: PROBPLOT Statement
Creating a Normal Probability Plot
Creating Lognormal Probability Plots
Syntax: PROBPLOT Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: PROBPLOT Statement
Summary of Theoretical Distributions
SYMBOL Statement Options
ODS Graphics
Examples: PROBPLOT Statement
Displaying a Normal Reference Line
Displaying a Lognormal Reference Line
QQPLOT Statement: CAPABILITY Procedure
Overview: QQPLOT Statement
Getting Started: QQPLOT Statement
Creating a Normal Quantile-Quantile Plot
Adding a Distribution Reference Line
Syntax: QQPLOT Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: QQPLOT Statement
Construction of Quantile-Quantile and Probability Plots
Interpretation of Quantile-Quantile and Probability Plots
Summary of Theoretical Distributions
Graphical Estimation
SYMBOL Statement Options
ODS Graphics
Examples: QQPLOT Statement
Interpreting a Normal Q-Q Plot of Nonnormal Data
Estimating Parameters from Lognormal Plots
Comparing Weibull Q-Q Plots
Estimating Cpk from a Normal Q-Q Plot
Dictionary of Common Options: CAPABILITY Procedure
References
The CUSUM Procedure
Introduction: CUSUM Procedure
Learning about the CUSUM Procedure
PROC CUSUM Statement
Overview: PROC CUSUM Statement
Syntax: PROC CUSUM Statement
Input and Output Data Sets: CUSUM Procedure
XCHART Statement: CUSUM Procedure
Overview: XCHART Statement
Getting Started: XCHART Statement
Creating a V-Mask Cusum Chart from Raw Data
Creating a V-Mask Cusum Chart from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Creating a One-Sided Cusum Chart with a Decision Interval
Saving Cusum Scheme Parameters
Reading Cusum Scheme Parameters
Syntax: XCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Special Options
Details: XCHART Statement
Basic Notation for Cusum Charts
Formulas for Cumulative Sums
Defining the Decision Interval for a One-Sided Cusum Scheme
Defining the V-Mask for a Two-Sided Cusum Scheme
Designing a Cusum Scheme
Cusum Charts Compared with Shewhart Charts
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Missing Values
Examples: XCHART Statement
Cusum and Standard Deviation Charts
Upper and Lower One-Sided Cusum Charts
Combined Shewhart–Cusum Scheme
INSET Statement: CUSUM Procedure
Overview: INSET Statement
Getting Started: INSET Statement
Syntax: INSET Statement
References
The FACTEX Procedure
Introduction to the FACTEX Procedure
Overview
Features
Learning about the FACTEX Procedure
Getting Started
Example of a Two-Level Full Factorial Design
Example of a Full Factorial Design in Two Blocks
Example of a Half-Fraction Factorial Design
Using the FACTEX Procedure Interactively
Details of the FACTEX Procedure
Syntax
Summary of Functions
Summary of Designs
Statement Descriptions
PROC FACTEX Statement
BLOCKS Statement
UNITEFFECT Statement
EXAMINE Statement
FACTORS Statement
MODEL Statement
OUTPUT Statement
SIZE Statement
Advanced Examples
Completely Randomized Design
Resolution 4 Augmented Design
Factorial Design with Center Points
Fold-Over Design
Randomized Complete Block Design
Two-Level Design with Design Replication and Point Replication
Mixed-Level Design Using Design Replication and Point Replication
Mixed-Level Design Using Pseudo-Factors
Mixed-Level Design by Collapsing Factors
Hyper-Graeco-Latin Square Design
Resolution 4 Design with Minimum Aberration
Replicated Blocked Design with Partial Confounding
Incomplete Block Design
Design with Inner Array and Outer Array
Fractional Factorial Split-Plot Designs
A Design for a Three-Step Process
A Strip-Split-Split-Plot Design
Design and Analysis of a Complete Factorial Experiment
Computational Details
Types of Factors
Specifying Effects in the MODEL Statement
Factor Variable Characteristics in the Output Data Set
Statistical Details
Resolution
Randomization
Replication
Confounding Rules
Alias Structure
Minimum Aberration
MaxClear Designs
Split-Plot Designs
Output
ODS Tables
Theory of Orthogonal Designs
Overview
Structure of General Factorial Designs
Suitable Confounding Rules
Design Factors
Block Factors
General Criteria
Searching for Confounding Rules
Speeding Up the Search
General Recommendations
References
The ISHIKAWA Procedure
Introduction to the ISHIKAWA Environment
Overview
Terminology
Tutorial
Details of the ISHIKAWA Environment
Summary of Operations
Operations
Adding Arrows
Labeling Arrows
Moving Arrows
Deleting Arrows
Resizing Arrows
Swapping Arrows
Balancing Arrows
Notepads
Managing Complexity
Zooming Arrows
Isolating Arrows
Merging Diagrams
Creating Graphics Output Using SAS/GRAPH Software
Creating Bitmap Graphics Output
Modifying Fonts
Modifying Box Colors
Modifying Arrow Colors and Line Styles
Modifying Text Colors
Modifying Arrow Heads
Modifying Environmental Attributes
Saving an Ishikawa Diagram for Future Editing
Reading an Existing Ishikawa Diagram
Displaying Multiple Ishikawa Diagrams
Input and Output Data Sets
Syntax
Examples
Quality of Air Travel Service
Integrated Circuit Failures
Photographic Development Process
References
The MACONTROL Procedure
Introduction: MACONTROL Procedure
Learning about the MACONTROL Procedure
PROC MACONTROL Statement
Overview: PROC MACONTROL Statement
Syntax: PROC MACONTROL Statement
Input and Output Data Sets: MACONTROL Procedure
EWMACHART Statement: MACONTROL Procedure
Overview: EWMACHART Statement
Getting Started: EWMACHART Statement
Creating EWMA Charts from Raw Data
Creating EWMA Charts from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limit Parameters
Reading Preestablished Control Limit Parameters
Syntax: EWMACHART Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Special Options
Details: EWMACHART Statement
Constructing EWMA Charts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: EWMACHART Statement
Specifying Standard Values for the Process Mean and Process Standard Deviation
Displaying Limits Based on Asymptotic Values
Working with Unequal Subgroup Sample Sizes
Displaying Individual Measurements on an EWMA Chart
Computing Average Run Lengths
MACHART Statement: MACONTROL Procedure
Overview: MACHART Statement
Getting Started: MACHART Statement
Creating Moving Average Charts from Raw Data
Creating Moving Average Charts from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limit Parameters
Reading Preestablished Control Limit Parameters
Syntax: MACHART Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Special Options
Details: MACHART Statement
Constructing Uniformly Weighted Moving Average Charts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: MACHART Statement
Specifying Standard Values for the Process Mean and Process Standard Deviation
Annotating Average Run Lengths on the Chart
INSET Statement: MACONTROL Procedure
Overview: INSET Statement
Getting Started: INSET Statement
Syntax: INSET Statement
References
The MVPMODEL Procedure
Overview: MVPMODEL Procedure
Scenarios for the MVPMODEL and MVPMONITOR Procedures
Functionality of PROC MVPMODEL
Getting Started: MVPMODEL Procedure
Syntax: MVPMODEL Procedure
PROC MVPMODEL Statement
BY Statement
ID Statement
VAR Statement
Details: MVPMODEL Procedure
Classical T-Square Charts
Principal Components Analysis
Relationship of Principal Components to Multivariate Control Charts
Organization of the Input Data Set
Cross Validation
Centering and Scaling
Missing Values
Input Data Set
Output Data Sets
ODS Table Names
ODS Graphics
Examples: MVPMODEL Procedure
Using Cross Validation to Select Number of Principal Components
Creating a Classical T-Square Chart
Comparison of Univariate and Multivariate Control Charts for Correlated Data
References
The MVPMONITOR Procedure
Overview: MVPMONITOR Procedure
Scenarios for the MVPMODEL and MVPMONITOR Procedures
Functionality of PROC MVPMONITOR
Getting Started: MVPMONITOR Procedure
Syntax: MVPMONITOR Procedure
PROC MVPMONITOR Statement
BY Statement
CONTRIBUTIONPLOT Statement
ID Statement
SCOREPLOT Statement
SPECHART Statement
TIME Statement
TSQUARECHART Statement
Details: MVPMONITOR Procedure
Input Data Sets
Output Data Sets
ODS Graphics
Examples: MVPMONITOR Procedure
Combining Data from Peer Processes
Creating Multivariate Control Charts for Phase II
Comparison of Univariate and Multivariate Control Charts
References
The OPTEX Procedure
Introduction to the OPTEX Procedure
Overview
Features
Learning about the OPTEX Procedure
Getting Started
Constructing a Nonstandard Design
Optimal Design Scenarios
Details of the OPTEX Procedure
Syntax
Summary of Functions
Statement Descriptions
PROC OPTEX Statement
BLOCKS Statement
CLASS Statement
EXAMINE Statement
GENERATE Statement
ID Statement
MODEL Statement
OUTPUT Statement
Advanced Examples
Nonstandard Linear Model
Comparing Fedorov Algorithm to Sequential Algorithm
Using an Initial Design to Search an Optimal Design
Optimal Design Using an Augmented Best Design
Optimal Design Using a Small Candidate Set
Bayesian Optimal Design
Balanced Incomplete Block Design
Optimal Design with Fixed Covariates
Optimal Design in the Presence of Covariance
Adding Space-Filling Points to a Design
Data Details
Input Data Sets
Output Data Sets
Computational Details
Specifying Effects in MODEL Statements
Design Efficiency Measures
Design Coding
Optimality Criteria
Memory and Run-Time Considerations
Search Methods
Optimal Blocking
Search Strategies
Output
ODS Tables
References
The PARETO Procedure
Introduction: PARETO Procedure
PROC PARETO Statement
Overview: PROC PARETO Statement
Syntax: PROC PARETO Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
HBAR Statement: PARETO Procedure
Overview: HBAR Statement
Getting Started: HBAR Statement
Creating a Pareto Chart from Raw Data
Creating a Pareto Chart Using Frequency Data
Restricting the Number of Pareto Categories
Syntax: HBAR Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
VBAR Statement: PARETO Procedure
Overview: VBAR Statement
Getting Started: VBAR Statement
Creating a Pareto Chart from Raw Data
Creating a Pareto Chart Using Frequency Data
Restricting the Number of Pareto Categories
Syntax: VBAR Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
INSET Statement: PARETO Procedure
Overview: INSET Statement
Getting Started: INSET Statement
Displaying Summary Statistics on a Pareto Chart
Customizing Labels and Formatting Values
Adding a Header and Positioning the Inset
Syntax: INSET Statement
Summary of INSET Keywords
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: INSET Statement
Positioning the Inset Using Compass Points
Positioning the Inset in the Margins
Positioning the Inset Using Coordinates
Details and Examples: PARETO Procedure
Details: PARETO Procedure
Terminology
Labels for Chart Features
Scaling the Cumulative Percent Curve
Output Data Sets
ODS Graphics
Constructing Effective Pareto Charts
Missing Values
Role of Variable Formats
Large Data Sets
Examples: PARETO Procedure
Creating Before-and-After Pareto Charts
Creating Two-Way Comparative Pareto Charts
Highlighting the Vital Few
Highlighting Combinations of Categories
Highlighting Combinations of Cells
Ordering Rows and Columns in a Comparative Pareto Chart
Merging Columns in a Comparative Pareto Chart
Creating Weighted Pareto Charts
References
The RELIABILITY Procedure
Overview: RELIABILITY Procedure
Getting Started: RELIABILITY Procedure
Analysis of Right-Censored Data from a Single Population
Weibull Analysis Comparing Groups of Data
Analysis of Accelerated Life Test Data
Weibull Analysis of Interval Data with Common Inspection Schedule
Lognormal Analysis with Arbitrary Censoring
Regression Modeling
Regression Model with Nonconstant Scale
Regression Model with Two Independent Variables
Weibull Probability Plot for Two Combined Failure Modes
Analysis of Recurrence Data on Repairs
Comparison of Two Samples of Repair Data
Analysis of Interval Age Recurrence Data
Analysis of Binomial Data
Three-Parameter Weibull
Parametric Model for Recurrent Events Data
Parametric Model for Interval Recurrent Events Data
Syntax: RELIABILITY Procedure
Primary Statements
Secondary Statements
Graphical Enhancement Statements
PROC RELIABILITY Statement
ANALYZE Statement
BY Statement
CLASS Statement
DISTRIBUTION Statement
FMODE Statement
FREQ Statement
INSET Statement
LOGSCALE Statement
MAKE Statement
MCFPLOT Statement
MODEL Statement
NENTER Statement
NLOPTIONS Statement
PROBPLOT Statement
RELATIONPLOT Statement
UNITID Statement
Details: RELIABILITY Procedure
Abbreviations and Notation
Types of Lifetime Data
Probability Distributions
Probability Plotting
Nonparametric Confidence Intervals for Cumulative Failure Probabilities
Parameter Estimation and Confidence Intervals
Regression Model Statistics Computed for Each Observation
Recurrence Data from Repairable Systems
ODS Table Names
ODS Graphics
References
The SHEWHART Procedure
Introduction: SHEWHART Procedure
Uses of Shewhart Charts
Characteristics of Shewhart Charts
Classification of Shewhart Charts
Learning to Use the SHEWHART Procedure
PROC SHEWHART and General Statements
Overview: SHEWHART Procedure
Syntax: SHEWHART Procedure
BY and ID Statements
Graphical Enhancement Statements
PROC SHEWHART Statement
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Input and Output Data Sets: SHEWHART Procedure
BOXCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: BOXCHART Statement
Getting Started: BOXCHART Statement
Creating Box Charts from Raw Data
Creating Box Charts from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: BOXCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: BOXCHART Statement
Constructing Box Charts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Percentile Definitions
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: BOXCHART Statement
Using Box Charts to Compare Subgroups
Creating Various Styles of Box-and-Whisker Plots
Creating Notched Box-and-Whisker Plots
Creating Box-and-Whisker Plots with Varying Widths
Creating Box-and-Whisker Plots with Different Line Styles and Colors
Computing the Control Limits for Subgroup Maximums
Constructing Multi-Vari Charts
CCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: CCHART Statement
Getting Started: CCHART Statement
Creating c Charts from Defect Count Data
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Creating c Charts from Nonconformities per Unit
Saving Nonconformities per Unit
Syntax: CCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: CCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Numbers of Nonconformities (c Charts)
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: CCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Specifying a Known Expected Number of Nonconformities
Creating c Charts for Varying Numbers of Units
IRCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: IRCHART Statement
Getting Started: IRCHART Statement
Creating Individual Measurements and Moving Range Charts
Saving Individual Measurements and Moving Ranges
Reading Individual Measurements and Moving Ranges
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Specifying the Computation of the Moving Range
Syntax: IRCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: IRCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Individual Measurements and Moving Ranges
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Interpreting Charts for Individual Measurements and Moving Ranges
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: IRCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Specifying Standard Values for the Process Mean and Standard Deviation
Displaying Distributional Plots in the Margin
MCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: MCHART Statement
Getting Started: MCHART Statement
Creating Charts for Medians from Raw Data
Creating Charts for Medians from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: MCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: MCHART Statement
Constructing Median Charts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: MCHART Statement
Controlling Value of Central Line
Estimating the Process Standard Deviation
MRCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: MRCHART Statement
Getting Started: MRCHART Statement
Creating Charts for Medians and Ranges from Raw Data
Creating Charts for Medians and Ranges from Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: MRCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: MRCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Medians and Ranges
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: MRCHART Statement
Working with Unequal Subgroup Sample Sizes
Specifying Axis Labels
NPCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: NPCHART Statement
Getting Started: NPCHART Statement
Creating np Charts from Count Data
Creating np Charts from Summary Data
Saving Proportions of Nonconforming Items
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: NPCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: NPCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Number Nonconforming (np Charts)
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: NPCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Specifying Standard Average Proportion
Working with Unequal Subgroup Sample Sizes
Specifying Control Limit Information
PCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: PCHART Statement
Getting Started: PCHART Statement
Creating p Charts from Count Data
Creating p Charts from Summary Data
Saving Proportions of Nonconforming Items
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: PCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: PCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Proportion Nonconforming (p Charts)
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: PCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Specifying Standard Average Proportion
Working with Unequal Subgroup Sample Sizes
Creating a Chart with Revised Control Limits
OC Curve for Chart
RCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: RCHART Statement
Getting Started: RCHART Statement
Creating Range Charts from Raw Data
Creating Range Charts from Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: RCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: RCHART Statement
Constructing Range Charts
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: RCHART Statement
Computing Probability Limits
Specifying Control Limit Information
SCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: SCHART Statement
Getting Started: SCHART Statement
Creating Standard Deviation Charts from Raw Data
Creating Standard Deviation Charts from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: SCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: SCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Standard Deviations
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: SCHART Statement
Specifying a Known Standard Deviation
Computing Average Run Lengths for s Charts
UCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: UCHART Statement
Getting Started: UCHART Statement
Creating u Charts from Defect Count Data
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Creating u Charts from Nonconformities per Unit
Saving Nonconformities per Unit
Syntax: UCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: UCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Nonconformities per Unit (u Charts)
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: UCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Specifying a Known Expected Number of Nonconformities
Creating u Charts for Varying Numbers of Units
XCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: XCHART Statement
Getting Started: XCHART Statement
Creating Charts for Means from Raw Data
Creating Charts for Means from Subgroup Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: XCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: XCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Means
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: XCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Estimating the Process Standard Deviation
Plotting OC Curves for Mean Charts
Computing Process Capability Indices
XRCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: XRCHART Statement
Getting Started: XRCHART Statement
Creating Charts for Means and Ranges from Raw Data
Creating Charts for Means and Ranges from Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: XRCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: XRCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Means and Ranges
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Subgroup Variables
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Capability Indices
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: XRCHART Statement
Applying Tests for Special Causes
Specifying Standard Values for the Process Mean and Standard Deviation
Working with Unequal Subgroup Sample Sizes
XSCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: XSCHART Statement
Getting Started: XSCHART Statement
Creating Charts for Means and Standard Deviations from Raw Data
Creating Charts for Means and Standard Deviations from Summary Data
Saving Summary Statistics
Saving Control Limits
Reading Preestablished Control Limits
Syntax: XSCHART Statement
Summary of Options
Details: XSCHART Statement
Constructing Charts for Means and Standard Deviations
Output Data Sets
ODS Tables
ODS Graphics
Input Data Sets
Methods for Estimating the Standard Deviation
Axis Labels
Missing Values
Examples: XSCHART Statement
Specifying Probability Limits
Computing Subgroup Summary Statistics
Analyzing Nonnormal Process Data
INSET and INSET2 Statements: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: INSET and INSET2 Statements
Getting Started: INSET and INSET2 Statements
Displaying Summary Statistics on a Control Chart
Formatting Values and Customizing Labels
Adding a Header and Positioning the Inset
Syntax: INSET and INSET2 Statements
Summary of INSET Keywords
Summary of Options
Dictionary of Options
Details: INSET and INSET2 Statements
Positioning the Inset Using Compass Points
Positioning the Inset in the Margins
Positioning the Inset Using Coordinates
Dictionary of Options: SHEWHART Procedure
Graphical Enhancements: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: Graphical Enhancements
Displaying Stratified Process Data
Displaying Stratification in Levels of a Classification Variable
Displaying Stratification in Blocks of Observations
Displaying Stratification in Phases
Displaying Multiple Sets of Control Limits
Displaying Auxiliary Data with Stars
Creating a Basic Star Chart
Adding Reference Circles to Stars
Specifying the Style of Stars
Specifying the Method of Standardization
Displaying Trends in Process Data
Step 1: Preliminary Mean and Standard Deviation Charts
Step 2: Modeling the Trend
Step 3: Displaying the Trend Chart
Clipping Extreme Points
Labeling Axes
Default Labels
Labeling the Horizontal Axis
Labeling the Vertical Axis
Selecting Subgroups for Computation and Display
Using WHERE Statements
Using Switch Variables
Tests for Special Causes: SHEWHART Procedure
Standard Tests for Special Causes
Requesting Standard Tests
Interpreting Standard Tests for Special Causes
Modifying Standard Tests for Special Causes
Applying Tests with Varying Subgroup Sample Sizes
Labeling Signaled Points with a Variable
Applying Tests with Multiple Phases
Applying Tests with Multiple Sets of Control Limits
Enhancing the Display of Signaled Tests
Nonstandard Tests for Special Causes
Applying Tests to Range and Standard Deviation Charts
Applying Tests Based on Generalized Patterns
Customizing Tests with DATA Step Programs
Specialized Control Charts: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: Specialized Control Charts
Autocorrelation in Process Data
Diagnosing and Modeling Autocorrelation
Strategies for Handling Autocorrelation
Multiple Components of Variation
Preliminary Examination of Variation
Determining the Components of Variation
Short Run Process Control
Analyzing the Difference from Nominal
Testing for Constant Variances
Standardizing Differences from Nominal
Nonnormal Process Data
Creating a Preliminary Individual Measurements Chart
Calculating Probability Limits
Multivariate Control Charts
Calculating the Chart Statistic
Examining the Principal Component Contributions
Interactive Control Charts: SHEWHART Procedure
Overview: Interactive Control Charts
Details: Interactive Control Charts
Saving Graphics Coordinates in a Control Chart
Associating URLs with Subgroups in HTML
Links and Tests for Special Causes
References
The GAGE Application
Introduction
Terminology
Getting Started
Invoking the GAGE Application
Entering Data
Performing a Range Chart Analysis
Performing an Average Chart Analysis
Selecting a Statistical Method
Performing an Average and Range Analysis
Performing a Variance Components Analysis
Saving the Data
Entering Another Set of Data
Reading Data from a Data Set
Details
Range Chart
Average Chart
Average and Range Method
Variance Components Method
Creating a Data Set Outside the GAGE Application
Extensibility of the Application
References
The RELIABILITY Graphical Interface
Functions
Introduction
Function Descriptions
AOQ2 Function
ASN2 Function
ATI2 Function
BAYESACT Call
C4 Function
CUSUMARL Function
D2 Function
D3 Function
EWMAARL Function
PROBACC2 Function
PROBBNML Function
PROBHYPR Function
PROBMED Function
STDMED Function
Details
Types of Sampling Plans
Evaluating Single-Sampling Plans
Evaluating Double-Sampling Plans
Deriving Control Chart Constants
References
Special Fonts in SAS/QC Software
Introduction
Font Selection
Product
Release
SAS/QC
9.3
Type
Usage and Reference
Copyright Date
July 2011
Last Updated
15Jul2011