The following notation is used in this section:
|
process mean (expected value of the population of measurements) |
|
process standard deviation (standard deviation of the population of measurements) |
|
mean of measurements in |
|
range of measurements in |
|
sample size of |
|
number of subgroups |
|
weighted average of subgroup means |
|
100 |
Each point on an chart indicates the value of a subgroup mean (
). For example, if the tenth subgroup contains the values 12, 15, 19, 16, and 14, the value plotted for this subgroup is
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By default, the central line on an chart indicates an estimate for
, which is computed as
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If you specify a known value () for
, the central line indicates the value of
.
You can compute the limits in the following ways:
as a specified multiple () of the standard error of
above and below the central line. The default limits are computed with
(these are referred to as
limits).
as probability limits defined in terms of , a specified probability that
exceeds the limits
The following table provides the formulas for the limits:
Control Limits |
---|
LCL |
UCL |
Probability Limits |
---|
LCL |
UCL |
Note that the limits vary with . If standard values
and
are available for
and
, respectively, replace
with
and
with
in Table 15.65.
You can specify parameters for the limits as follows:
Specify with the SIGMAS= option or with the variable _SIGMAS_ in a LIMITS= data set.
Specify with the ALPHA= option or with the variable _ALPHA_ in a LIMITS= data set.
Specify a constant nominal sample size for the control limits with the LIMITN= option or with the variable _LIMITN_ in a LIMITS= data set.
Specify with the MU0= option or with the variable _MEAN_ in a LIMITS= data set.
Specify with the SIGMA0= option or with the variable _STDDEV_ in a LIMITS= data set.