SAS/ETS Web Examples

%let df = 7.5;
%let sig1 = 1;
%let sig2 = 0.1 ;
%let var2 = 2.5;
%let nobs = 1000 ;
%let nobs2 = 2000 ;
%let arch0 = 0.1 ;
%let arch1 = 0.2 ;
%let garch1 = 0.75 ;
%let intercept = 0.5 ;

data normal;
   lu = &var2;
   lh = &var2;
   do i= -500  to &nobs ;
           /* GARCH(1,1) with normally distributed residuals */
      h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh;
      u = sqrt(h) * rannor(12345) ;
      y = &intercept + u;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;


data t;
   lu = &var2 ;
   lh = &var2 ;
   do i = -500 to &nobs2;
           /* GARCH(1,1) with t-distributed residuals */
      t = &sig1*tinv(ranuni(1234),&df) ;
      h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh;
      u = sqrt( h) * t ;
      y = &intercept + u ;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;

data cauchy;
   lu = &var2 ;
   lh = &var2 ;
   do i = -500  to &nobs ;
       /* GARCH(1,1) with Cauchy distributed residuals */   
      cauchy = &sig2*rancau(1234);
      h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh;
      u = sqrt( h) * cauchy ;
      y = &intercept + u ;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;


data garchm;
   lu = &var2;
   lh = &var2;
   gamma = 0.5;
   do i= -500  to &nobs ;
           /* GARCH-M  */
      h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh  ;
      u = sqrt(h) * rannor(1234) ;
      y = &intercept  + gamma*sqrt(h) + u;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;

data egarch ;
   lu = &var2 ;
   lh = &var2 ;
   theta = .65 ;
   lz = lu/sqrt(lh) ;
   lg = theta*lz + abs(lz)-sqrt(2/3.14159) ;
   do i = -500 to &nobs ;
          /* EGARCH */
      h = exp( &arch0 + &arch1*lg + &garch1*log(lh)) ;
      u = sqrt(h)*rannor(12346) ;
      z = u/sqrt(h) ;
      g = theta*z + abs(z) -sqrt(2/3.14159) ;
      y = &intercept + u ;
      lu = u ;
      lh = h ;
      lg = g ;
      if i > 0 then output ;
   end ;
run ;    

data qgarch;
   lu = &var2;
   lh = &var2;
   phi = .2;
   do i= -500  to &nobs ;
           /* Quadratic GARCH  */
      h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh + phi*lu ;
      u = sqrt(h) * rannor(1234) ;
      y = &intercept  + u;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;  

data gjrgarch;
   lu = &var2;
   lh = &var2;
   phi = 0.1;
   do i= -500  to &nobs ;
           /* GJR-GARCH  */
      if lu >= 0 then
         h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh + phi*lu**2 ;
      else
         h = &arch0 + &arch1*lu**2 + &garch1*lh ;
      u = sqrt(h) * rannor(1234) ;
      y = &intercept  + u;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;
   data tgarch;
   lu = &var2;
   lh = &var2;
   arch1_plus = 0.1;
   arch1_minus = 0.1;
   do i= -500 to &nobs ;
           /* TGARCH  */
      if lu > 0 then
         h = (&arch0 + arch1_plus*lu + &garch1*sqrt(lh))**2 ;
      else
         h = (&arch0 + arch1_minus*lu + &garch1*sqrt(lh))**2 ;
      u = sqrt(h) * rannor(1234) ;
      y = &intercept  + u;
      lu = u;
      lh = h;
      if i > 0 then output;
   end;
run;

proc autoreg data = normal ;
 /* Estimate GARCH(1,1) with normally distributed residuals with AUTOREG*/  
   model y = / garch = ( q=1,p=1 ) ;
run ;
quit ;

 /* Estimate GARCH(1,1) with normally distributed residuals with MODEL*/    
proc model data = normal ;
    parms arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75 ;
    /* mean model */
    y = intercept ;
    /* variance model */
    h.y = arch0 + arch1*xlag(resid.y**2,mse.y) +
          garch1*xlag(h.y,mse.y) ;
    /* fit the model */
    fit y / method = marquardt fiml ;
run ;
quit ;

 /* Estimate GARCH(1,1) with t-distributed residuals with AUTOREG*/
proc autoreg data = t ;
   model y = / garch=( q=1, p=1 ) dist = t ;
run ;
quit;

 /* Estimate GARCH(1,1) with t-distributed residuals with MODEL*/    
proc model data = t ;
   parms   df 7.5 arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75 ;
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   h.y = arch0 + arch1 * xlag(resid.y **2, mse.y)  +
         garch1*xlag(h.y, mse.y);
   /* specify error distribution */
   errormodel y ~ t(h.y,df);
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / method=marquardt;
run;
quit;

/* Estimate GARCH(1,1) with Cauchy distributed residuals */ 
proc model data = cauchy ;  
   parms arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75 intercept .5 ;
    mse_y = &var2 ; 
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   h.y = arch0 + arch1 * xlag(resid.y ** 2, mse_y)  +
         garch1 * xlag(h.y, mse_y);
   /* specify error distribution */
   obj = log(h.y/((h.y**2+resid.y**2) * constant('pi')));
   obj = -obj ;
   errormodel y ~ general(obj);
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / method=marquardt;
run;
quit;

/* Estimate GARCH(1,1) with generalized error distribution residuals */ 
proc model data = normal ;
   parms nu 2 arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75;
   control mse.y = &var2 ; /*defined in data generating step*/
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   h.y = arch0 + arch1 * xlag(resid.y ** 2, mse.y)  +
         garch1 * xlag(h.y, mse.y);
   /* specify error distribution */
   lambda = sqrt(2**(-2/nu)*gamma(1/nu)/gamma(3/nu)) ;
   obj = log(nu/lambda) -(1 + 1/nu)*log(2) - lgamma(1/nu)-
         .5*abs(resid.y/lambda/sqrt(h.y))**nu - .5*log(h.y) ;
   obj = -obj ;
   errormodel y ~ general(obj,nu);
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / method=marquardt;
run;
quit;

/* Estimate GARCH-M Model with PROC AUTOREG */ 
proc autoreg data= garchm ;
   model y =  /  garch=( p=1, q=1,  mean = sqrt);
run; 
quit; 

/* Estimate GARCH-M Model with PROC MODEL */     
proc model data = garchm ;
   parms  arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75 gamma .5 ;
   h = arch0 + arch1*xlag(resid.y**2,mse.y) + garch1*xlag(h.y,mse.y);
   y = intercept + gamma*sqrt(h) ;
   h.y = h ;
   fit y / fiml method = marquardt;
run;
quit;

/* Estimate EGARCH Model with PROC AUTOREG */ 
proc autoreg data= egarch ;
   model y =  / garch=( q=1, p=1 , type = exp) ;
run;
quit;

/* Estimate EGARCH Model with PROC MODEL */     
proc model data = egarch ;
   parms  earch0 .1 earch1 .2 egarch1 .75 theta .65 ;
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   if (_obs_ = 1 ) then
      h.y = exp( earch0 + egarch1 * log(mse.y)  );
   else h.y = exp(earch0 + earch1*zlag(g) + egarch1*log(zlag(h.y))) ;
   g = theta*(-nresid.y) + abs(-nresid.y) - sqrt(2/constant('pi')) ;
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / fiml method = marquardt ;
run;
quit;

/* Estimate Quadratic GARCH (QGARCH) Model */ 
proc model data = qgarch ;
   parms arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75 phi .2;
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   h.y = arch0 + arch1*xlag(resid.y**2,mse.y) + garch1*xlag(h.y,mse.y) +
         phi*xlag(-resid.y,mse.y);
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / method = marquardt fiml ;
run ;
quit ;

/* Estimate GJR-GARCH Model */         
proc model data = gjrgarch ;
   parms arch0 .1 arch1 .2 garch1 .75 phi .1;
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   if zlag(resid.y) > 0 then
      h.y = arch0 + arch1*xlag(resid.y**2,mse.y) + garch1*xlag(h.y,mse.y)  ;
   else
      h.y = arch0 + arch1*xlag(resid.y**2,mse.y) + garch1*xlag(h.y,mse.y) +
            phi*xlag(resid.y**2,mse.y) ;
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / method = marquardt fiml ;
run ;
quit ;

/* Estimate Threshold Garch (TGARCH) Model */ 
proc model data = tgarch ;
   parms arch0 .1 arch1_plus .1 arch1_minus .1 garch1 .75 ;
   /* mean model */
   y = intercept ;
   /* variance model */
   if zlag(resid.y) < 0 then
      h.y = (arch0 + arch1_plus*zlag(-resid.y) + garch1*zlag(sqrt(h.y)))**2 ;
   else
      h.y = (arch0 + arch1_minus*zlag(-resid.y) + garch1*zlag(sqrt(h.y)))**2 ;
   /* fit the model */
   fit y / method = marquardt fiml ;
run ;
quit ;