Language Reference |
computes the absolute value |
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applies the exponential function |
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truncates a value |
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computes the natural logarithm |
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computes the modulo (remainder) |
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computes the square root |
You can also call any function in Base SAS software, such as those documented in the following sections:
finds the maximum value of a matrix |
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finds the smallest element of a matrix |
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multiplies all elements |
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computes the sum of squares of all elements |
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sums all elements |
checks for all nonzero elements |
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checks for any nonzero elements |
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returns the number of missing values |
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returns the number of nonmissing values |
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returns the number of unique values |
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conditionally chooses and changes elements |
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finds indices for the nonzero elements of a matrix |
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finds the number of columns of a matrix |
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finds the size of an element |
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finds the number of rows of a matrix |
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determines the type of a matrix |
sorts a matrix by specified columns |
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creates a sorted index for a matrix |
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finds locations of unique BY groups in a sorted or indexed matrix |
forms block-diagonal matrices |
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computes a block transpose |
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creates a diagonal matrix |
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produces an arithmetic series |
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converts a matrix stored in a sparse format into a full (dense) matrix |
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creates an identity matrix |
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inserts one matrix inside another |
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creates a matrix of identical values |
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discards elements from a matrix |
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creates a new matrix of repeated values |
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reshapes and repeats values |
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converts a matrix that contains many zeros into a matrix stored in a sparse format |
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converts a symmetric matrix to a square matrix |
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converts a square matrix to a symmetric matrix |
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transposes a matrix |
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creates a vector from a diagonal |
translates numbers to ordinal characters |
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replaces text |
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produces a character representation of a matrix |
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concatenates elementwise strings |
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reshapes and repeats character values |
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finds the lengths of character matrix elements |
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lists the names of arguments |
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produces a numeric representation of a character matrix |
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concatenates rows without using blank compression |
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concatenates rows by using blank compression |
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takes substrings of matrix elements |
You can also call functions in Base SAS software such as those documented in Character and Formatting Functions and Character String Matching Functions and Subroutines.
generates a pseudorandom normal deviate |
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generates random numbers from specified distributions |
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initializes seed for subsequent RANDGEN calls |
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generates pseudorandom uniform deviates |
You can also call functions in Base SAS software such as those documented in Random Number Functions and Subroutines.
computes bivariate ranks |
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computes correlation statistics |
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counts the number of missing values |
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counts the number of nonmissing values |
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returns the number of unique values |
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computes a sample variance-covariance matrix |
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computes cumulative sums |
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computes cumulative products |
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creates a design matrix |
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creates a full-rank design matrix |
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computes geometric means |
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creates a Hadamard matrix |
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computes harmonic means |
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performs an iterative proportional fit of a contingency table |
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performs linear least absolute value regression by solving the norm minimization problem |
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performs robust least median of squares (LMS) regression |
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performs robust least trimmed squares (LTS) regression |
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finds the univariate (scaled) median absolute deviation |
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evaluates marginal totals in a multiway contingency table |
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computes the subsets of a matrix system that maximize the quadratic form |
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finds the minimum covariance determinant estimator |
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computes sample means |
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finds the minimum volume ellipsoid estimator |
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rescales qualitative data to be a least squared fit to qualitative data |
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computes sample quantiles (percentiles) |
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ranks elements of a matrix |
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ranks matrix elements by using tie-averaging |
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performs discrete sequential tests |
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performs estimates of scales associated with discrete sequential tests |
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performs estimates of means associated with discrete sequential tests |
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sweeps a matrix |
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computes a sample variance |
You can also call functions in Base SAS software such as those documented in Descriptive Statistics Functions and Subroutines.
computes an autocovariance sequence for an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model |
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computes the log likelihood and residuals for an ARMA model |
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simulates an ARMA series |
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computes convexity of a noncontingent cash flow |
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computes autocovariance estimates for a vector time series |
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computes the difference between a value and a lagged value |
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computes modified duration of a noncontingent cash flow |
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computes the autocovariance function for an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model of the form ARFIMA() |
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estimates the parameters of an ARFIMA() model |
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computes the log-likelihood function of an ARFIMA() model |
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generates an ARFIMA() process |
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computes a fractionally differenced process |
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computes forward rates |
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computes the one-step prediction and the filtered estimate , in addition to their covariance matrices. The call uses forward recursions, and you can also use it to obtain -step estimates. |
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uses backward recursions to compute the smoothed estimate and its covariance matrix, , where is the number of observations in the complete data set |
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computes the one-step forecast of state vectors in a state space model (SSM) by using the diffuse Kalman filter. The call estimates the conditional expectation of , and it also estimates the initial random vector, , and its covariance matrix. |
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computes the smoothed state vector and its mean squares error matrix from the one-step forecast and mean squares error matrix computed by the KALDFF subroutine. |
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computes lagged values |
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computes the present value |
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converts interest rates from one base to another |
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computes spot rates |
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performs Bayesian seasonal adjustment modeling |
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analyzes nonstationary time series by using smoothness priors modeling |
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analyzes nonstationary or locally stationary time series by using a method that minimizes Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) |
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analyzes nonstationary or locally stationary multivariate time series by using a method that minimizes Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) |
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estimates vector autoregressive (VAR) processes by minimizing the AIC |
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analyzes periodic autoregressive (AR) models by minimizing the AIC |
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provides predicted values of univariate and multivariate ARMA processes when the ARMA coefficients are given |
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computes AR and moving average (MA) coefficients from the characteristic roots of the model, or computes the characteristic roots of the model from the AR and MA coefficients |
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analyzes time series that are nonstationary in the covariance function |
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determines the order of an AR process by minimizing the AIC, and estimates the AR coefficients |
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computes the theoretical cross-covariance matrices for a stationary vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA()) model |
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computes the log-likelihood function for a VARMA() model |
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generates VARMA() time series |
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generates multivariate normal random series |
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computes the characteristic roots for a VARMA() model |
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computes yield-to-maturity of a cash-flow stream |
You can also call functions in Base SAS software such as those documented in Financial Functions.
computes a B-spline basis |
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performs the finite Fourier transform |
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computes the inverse finite Fourier transform |
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computes the first nonzero roots of a Bessel function of the first kind and the derivative of the Bessel function at each root |
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performs numerical integration of first-order vector differential equations with initial boundary conditions |
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generates orthogonal polynomials on a discrete set of data |
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provides columnwise orthogonalization by the Gram-Schmidt process and stepwise QR decomposition by the Gram-Schmidt process |
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finds zeros of a real polynomial |
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multiplies matrices of polynomials |
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performs numerical integration of scalar functions in one dimension over infinite, connected semi-infinite, and connected finite intervals |
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divides matrix polynomials |
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fits a cubic spline to data |
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fits a cubic spline to data and returns the spline coefficients |
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evaluates a cubic spline at new data points |
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computes thin-plate smoothing splines |
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evaluates the thin-plate smoothing spline at new data points |
computes a complete orthogonal decomposition |
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computes a complete orthogonal decomposition by Householder transformations |
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finds a convex hull of a set of planar points |
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computes the determinant of a square matrix |
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reduces a matrix to row-echelon normal form |
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computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors |
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computes eigenvalues |
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computes eigenvectors |
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computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a generalized eigenproblem |
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computes a generalized inverse |
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computes the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization |
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computes the Cholesky decomposition |
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generates a Hankel matrix |
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performs a horizontal direct product |
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reduces a matrix to Hermite normal form |
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solves homogeneous linear systems |
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computes the inverse |
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updates a matrix inverse |
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solves a sparse general linear system by iteration |
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provides updating and downdating for rank-deficient linear least squares solutions, complete orthogonal factorization, and Moore-Penrose inverses |
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computes the QR decomposition of a matrix by Householder transformations |
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downdates and updates QR and Cholesky decompositions |
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performs the Cholesky decomposition of a matrix |
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updates QR and Cholesky decompositions |
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updates QR and Cholesky decompositions |
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solves a system of linear equations |
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solves a sparse symmetric system of linear equations by direct decomposition |
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computes the singular value decomposition |
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generates a Toeplitz or block-Toeplitz matrix |
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sums diagonal elements |
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solves linear systems with triangular matrices |
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performs extended-precision matrix multiplication |
solves the linear complementarity problem |
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solves the linear programming problem |
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performs nonlinear optimization by conjugate gradient method |
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performs nonlinear optimization by double-dogleg method |
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approximates derivatives by finite-differences method |
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computes feasible points subject to constraints |
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computes hybrid quasi-Newton least squares |
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computes Levenberg-Marquardt least squares |
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performs nonlinear optimization by Nelder-Mead simplex method |
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performs nonlinear optimization by Newton-Raphson method |
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performs nonlinear optimization by Newton-Raphson ridge method |
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performs nonlinear optimization by quasi-Newton method |
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performs nonlinear optimization by quadratic method |
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performs nonlinear optimization by trust-region method |
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lists the nonlinear optimization and related subroutines in SAS/IML software |
compares elements of two matrices |
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performs unions of sets |
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sorts and removes duplicates |
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intersects sets |
ends PROC IML |
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applies a module to arguments |
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calls a subroutine or function |
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groups statements as a unit |
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iteratively executes a DO group |
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iteratively executes statements until a condition is satisfied |
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iteratively executes statements while a condition is satisfied |
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ends a DO loop or DO statement |
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executes statements at run time |
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denotes the end of a module |
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frees matrix storage space |
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jumps to a new statement |
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conditionally executes statement |
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jumps to another statement |
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associates printing attributes with matrices |
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interrupts module execution |
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prints matrix values |
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removes observations marked for deletion and renumbers records |
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pushes statements to the beginning of the command input stream |
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queues statements at the end of the command input stream |
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exits from PROC IML |
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removes matrices from storage |
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sets processing options |
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resumes execution |
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returns to caller |
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executes statements in a module |
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prints system information |
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produces a tone |
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defines a module |
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stops execution of statements |
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lists names of matrices and modules in storage |
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stores matrices and modules in library storage |
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performs indirect assignment |
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assigns values by indirect reference |
adds observations to SAS data set |
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closes a SAS data set |
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closes a file |
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returns the variables in a SAS data set |
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creates a new SAS data set |
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obtains the names of SAS data sets |
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deletes a SAS data set |
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marks observations in a data set for deletion |
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repeats a loop until an end of file occurs |
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opens a SAS data set for editing |
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opens or points to an external file |
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finds observations |
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is an alias for the SAVE statement |
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indexes a variable in a SAS data set |
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opens a file for input |
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inputs data |
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displays observations of a data set |
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loads modules and matrices from library storage |
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writes data to an external file |
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reads observations from a data set |
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renames a SAS data set |
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replaces values in observations and updates observations |
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saves data |
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makes a data set current for input |
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makes a data set current for output |
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sorts a SAS data set |
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computes summary statistics for SAS data sets |
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opens a SAS data set for reading |
displays fields in a display window |
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defines a blanking viewport |
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deletes the blanking viewport |
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closes the graphics segment |
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deletes a graphics segment |
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draws a polyline |
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draws individual lines |
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draws a grid |
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includes a graphics segment |
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opens a graphics segment |
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draws pie slices |
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converts from polar to world coordinates |
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plots points |
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draws and fills a polygon |
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defines a viewport |
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pops the viewport |
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stacks the viewport |
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computes round numbers for labeling axes |
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writes multiple text strings with special fonts |
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sets attributes for a graphics segment |
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shows a graph |
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initializes the graphics system |
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deactivates the graphics system |
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finds the string length |
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places text horizontally on a graph |
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places text vertically on a graph |
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defines the data window |
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draws a horizontal axis |
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draws a vertical axis |
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produces scatter plots |
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renders a graph by using ODS Statistical Graphics |
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opens a display window |
computes a wavelet transform of one dimensional data |
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returns requested information about a wavelet transform |
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inverts a wavelet transform after applying thresholding to the detail coefficients |
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displays information about a wavelet transform |
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applies specified thresholding to the detail coefficients of a wavelet transform |
terminates a genetic algorithm and frees memory resources |
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gets requested members and objective values from the current solution population |
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gets objective function values for a requested member of current solution population |
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initializes the initial solution population |
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reevaluates the objective function for all solutions in the current population |
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specifies a current crossover operator |
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specifies a current mutation operator |
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specifies a current objective function |
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specifies a current selection parameters |
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sets up a specific genetic algorithm optimization problem |
calls an external routine that has no return code |
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calls an external routine that returns a character |
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calls an external routine that returns a numeric value |
calls SAS procedures, DATA steps, or macros. You can also use the R option to call functions in the R language. |
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defines a block of submitted statements. All statements between the SUBMIT and ENDSUBMIT statements are sent to the SAS System or R for processing. |
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transfers data from a SAS data set into an R data frame |
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transfers data from a SAS/IML matrix into an R matrix |
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transfers data from a matrix or data frame into a SAS data set |
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transfers data from a matrix or data frame into a SAS/IML matrix |
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