The CALIS Procedure
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Overview
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Getting Started
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SyntaxClasses of Statements in PROC CALISSingle-Group Analysis SyntaxMultiple-Group Multiple-Model Analysis SyntaxPROC CALIS StatementBOUNDS StatementBY StatementCOSAN StatementCOV StatementDETERM StatementEFFPART StatementFACTOR StatementFITINDEX StatementFREQ StatementGROUP StatementLINCON StatementLINEQS StatementLISMOD StatementLMTESTS StatementMATRIX StatementMEAN StatementMODEL StatementMSTRUCT StatementNLINCON StatementNLOPTIONS StatementOUTFILES StatementPARAMETERS StatementPARTIAL StatementPATH StatementPATHDIAGRAM StatementPCOV StatementPVAR StatementRAM StatementREFMODEL StatementRENAMEPARM StatementSAS Programming StatementsSIMTESTS StatementSTD StatementSTRUCTEQ StatementTESTFUNC StatementVAR StatementVARIANCE StatementVARNAMES StatementWEIGHT Statement
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DetailsInput Data SetsOutput Data SetsDefault Analysis Type and Default ParameterizationThe COSAN ModelThe FACTOR ModelThe LINEQS ModelThe LISMOD Model and SubmodelsThe MSTRUCT ModelThe PATH ModelThe RAM ModelNaming Variables and ParametersSetting Constraints on ParametersAutomatic Variable SelectionPath Diagrams: Layout Algorithms, Default Settings, and CustomizationEstimation CriteriaRelationships among Estimation CriteriaGradient, Hessian, Information Matrix, and Approximate Standard ErrorsCounting the Degrees of FreedomAssessment of FitCase-Level Residuals, Outliers, Leverage Observations, and Residual DiagnosticsLatent Variable ScoresTotal, Direct, and Indirect EffectsStandardized SolutionsModification IndicesMissing Values and the Analysis of Missing PatternsMeasures of Multivariate KurtosisInitial EstimatesUse of Optimization TechniquesComputational ProblemsDisplayed OutputODS Table NamesODS Graphics
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ExamplesEstimating Covariances and CorrelationsEstimating Covariances and Means SimultaneouslyTesting Uncorrelatedness of VariablesTesting Covariance PatternsTesting Some Standard Covariance Pattern HypothesesLinear Regression ModelMultivariate Regression ModelsMeasurement Error ModelsTesting Specific Measurement Error ModelsMeasurement Error Models with Multiple PredictorsMeasurement Error Models Specified As Linear EquationsConfirmatory Factor ModelsConfirmatory Factor Models: Some VariationsResidual Diagnostics and Robust EstimationThe Full Information Maximum Likelihood MethodComparing the ML and FIML EstimationPath Analysis: Stability of AlienationSimultaneous Equations with Mean Structures and Reciprocal PathsFitting Direct Covariance StructuresConfirmatory Factor Analysis: Cognitive AbilitiesTesting Equality of Two Covariance Matrices Using a Multiple-Group AnalysisTesting Equality of Covariance and Mean Matrices between Independent GroupsIllustrating Various General Modeling LanguagesTesting Competing Path Models for the Career Aspiration DataFitting a Latent Growth Curve ModelHigher-Order and Hierarchical Factor ModelsLinear Relations among Factor LoadingsMultiple-Group Model for Purchasing BehaviorFitting the RAM and EQS Models by the COSAN Modeling LanguageSecond-Order Confirmatory Factor AnalysisLinear Relations among Factor Loadings: COSAN Model SpecificationOrdinal Relations among Factor LoadingsLongitudinal Factor Analysis
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BY Statement
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BY variables;
You can specify a BY statement with PROC CALIS to obtain separate analyses of observations in groups that are defined by the BY variables. When a BY statement appears, the procedure expects the input data set to be sorted in order of the BY variables. If you specify more than one BY statement, only the last one specified is used.
If your input data set is not sorted in ascending order, use one of the following alternatives:
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Sort the data by using the SORT procedure with a similar BY statement.
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Specify the NOTSORTED or DESCENDING option in the BY statement for the CALIS procedure. The NOTSORTED option does not mean that the data are unsorted but rather that the data are arranged in groups (according to values of the BY variables) and that these groups are not necessarily in alphabetical or increasing numeric order.
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Create an index on the BY variables by using the DATASETS procedure (in Base SAS software).
The BY statement is not supported if you define more than one group by using the GROUP statements.
For more information about BY-group processing, see the discussion in SAS Language Reference: Concepts. For more information about the DATASETS procedure, see the discussion in the Base SAS Procedures Guide.