The CALIS Procedure
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Overview
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Getting Started
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Syntax
Classes of Statements in PROC CALIS Single-Group Analysis Syntax Multiple-Group Multiple-Model Analysis Syntax PROC CALIS Statement BOUNDS Statement BY Statement COSAN Statement COV Statement DETERM Statement EFFPART Statement FACTOR Statement FITINDEX Statement FREQ Statement GROUP Statement LINCON Statement LINEQS Statement LISMOD Statement LMTESTS Statement MATRIX Statement MEAN Statement MODEL Statement MSTRUCT Statement NLINCON Statement NLOPTIONS Statement OUTFILES Statement PARAMETERS Statement PARTIAL Statement PATH Statement PCOV Statement PVAR Statement RAM Statement REFMODEL Statement RENAMEPARM Statement SAS Programming Statements SIMTESTS Statement STD Statement STRUCTEQ Statement TESTFUNC Statement VAR Statement VARIANCE Statement VARNAMES Statement WEIGHT Statement
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Details
Input Data Sets Output Data Sets The COSAN Model The FACTOR Model The LINEQS Model The LISMOD Model and Submodels The MSTRUCT Model The PATH Model The RAM Model Naming Variables and Parameters Setting Constraints on Parameters Automatic Variable Selection Estimation Criteria Relationships among Estimation Criteria Gradient, Hessian, Information Matrix, and Approximate Standard Errors Counting the Degrees of Freedom Assessment of Fit Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects Standardized Solutions Modification Indices Missing Values and the Analysis of Missing Patterns Measures of Multivariate Kurtosis Initial Estimates Use of Optimization Techniques Computational Problems Displayed Output ODS Table Names ODS Graphics
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Examples
Estimating Covariances and Correlations Estimating Covariances and Means Simultaneously Testing Uncorrelatedness of Variables Testing Covariance Patterns Testing Some Standard Covariance Pattern Hypotheses Linear Regression Model Multivariate Regression Models Measurement Error Models Testing Specific Measurement Error Models Measurement Error Models with Multiple Predictors Measurement Error Models Specified As Linear Equations Confirmatory Factor Models Confirmatory Factor Models: Some Variations The Full Information Maximum Likelihood Method Comparing the ML and FIML Estimation Path Analysis: Stability of Alienation Simultaneous Equations with Mean Structures and Reciprocal Paths Fitting Direct Covariance Structures Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Cognitive Abilities Testing Equality of Two Covariance Matrices Using a Multiple-Group Analysis Testing Equality of Covariance and Mean Matrices between Independent Groups Illustrating Various General Modeling Languages Testing Competing Path Models for the Career Aspiration Data Fitting a Latent Growth Curve Model Higher-Order and Hierarchical Factor Models Linear Relations among Factor Loadings Multiple-Group Model for Purchasing Behavior Fitting the RAM and EQS Models by the COSAN Modeling Language Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis Linear Relations among Factor Loadings: COSAN Model Specification Ordinal Relations among Factor Loadings Longitudinal Factor Analysis
- References
| LINCON Statement |
- LINCON constraint <, constraint ...> ;
number operator linear-termlinear-term operator number and linear-term is
<
><coefficient 
> parameter <<><coefficient > parameter ...> The LINCON statement specifies a set of linear equality or inequality constraints of the following form:
 |
The constraints must be separated by commas. Each linear constraint 
in the statement consists of a linear combination 
of a subset of the 
parameters 
and a constant value 
separated by a comparison operator. Valid operators are 
, <, 
, >, and 
or, equivalently, LE, LT, GE, GT, and EQ. PROC CALIS cannot enforce the strict inequalities < or >. Note that the coefficients 
in the linear combination must be constant numbers and must be followed by an asterisk and the name of a parameter (that is, listed in the PARMS, main, or subsidiary model specification statements). The following is an example of the LINCON statement that sets a linear constraint on parameters x1 and x2:
lincon x1 + 3 * x2 <= 1;
Although you can easily express boundary constraints in LINCON statements, for many applications it is much more convenient to specify both the BOUNDS and the LINCON statements in the same PROC CALIS call.