The PROBIT Procedure

CLASS Statement

  • CLASS variable <(options)> …<variable <(options)>> </ global-options>;

The CLASS statement names the classification variables to be used as explanatory variables in the analysis.

The CLASS statement must precede the MODEL statement. Most options can be specified either as individual variable options or as global-options. You can specify options for each variable by enclosing the options in parentheses after the variable name. You can also specify global-options for the CLASS statement by placing them after a slash (/). Global-options are applied to all the variables specified in the CLASS statement. If you specify more than one CLASS statement, the global-options specified in any one CLASS statement apply to all CLASS statements. However, individual CLASS variable options override the global-options. You can specify the following values for either an option or a global-option:

CPREFIX=n

specifies that, at most, the first n characters of a CLASS variable name be used in creating names for the corresponding design variables. The default is $32 - \min ( 32, \max (2,f))$, where f is the formatted length of the CLASS variable.

DESCENDING
DESC

reverses the sort order of the classification variable. If both the DESCENDING and ORDER= options are specified, PROC PROBIT orders the categories according to the ORDER= option and then reverses that order.

LPREFIX=n

specifies that, at most, the first n characters of a CLASS variable label be used in creating labels for the corresponding design variables. The default is $256 - \min ( 256, \max (2,f))$, where f is the formatted length of the CLASS variable.

MISSING

treats missing values (., ._, .A, …, .Z for numeric variables and blanks for character variables) as valid values for the CLASS variable.

ORDER=DATA | FORMATTED | FREQ | INTERNAL

specifies the sort order for the levels of classification variables. This ordering determines which parameters in the model correspond to each level in the data, so the ORDER= option can be useful when you use the CONTRAST statement. By default, ORDER=FORMATTED. For ORDER=FORMATTED and ORDER=INTERNAL, the sort order is machine-dependent. When ORDER=FORMATTED is in effect for numeric variables for which you have supplied no explicit format, the levels are ordered by their internal values.

The following table shows how PROC PROBIT interprets values of the ORDER= option.

Value of ORDER=

Levels Sorted By

DATA

Order of appearance in the input data set

FORMATTED

External formatted values, except for numeric variables with no explicit format, which are sorted by their unformatted (internal) values

FREQ

Descending frequency count; levels with more observations come earlier in the order

INTERNAL

Unformatted value

For more information about sort order, see the chapter on the SORT procedure in the Base SAS Procedures Guide and the discussion of BY-group processing in SAS Language Reference: Concepts.

PARAM=GLM

specifies the parameterization method for the classification variable or variables. The default is GLM parameterization. Only GLM parameterization is currently available. The REF= option in the CLASS statement indirectly determines the reference level for a singular GLM parameterization through the order of levels.

REF=’level’ | keyword

For PARAM= GLM, the REF= option specifies a level of the classification variable to be put at the end of the list of levels. This level thus corresponds to the reference level in the usual interpretation of the linear estimates with a singular parameterization.

For an individual variable REF= option (but not for a global REF= option), you can specify the level of the variable to use as the reference level. Specify the formatted value of the variable if a format is assigned. For a global or individual variable REF= option, you can use one of the following keywords.

FIRST

designates the first ordered level as reference.

LAST

designates the last ordered level as reference.

By default, REF=LAST.

TRUNCATE<=n>

specifies the length n of CLASS variable values to use in determining CLASS variable levels. The default is to use the full formatted length of the CLASS variable. If you specify TRUNCATE without the length n, the first 16 characters of the formatted values are used. When formatted values are longer than 16 characters, you can use this option to revert to the levels as determined in releases before SAS 9. The TRUNCATE option is available only as a global option.