The GLIMMIX Procedure
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Overview
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Getting Started
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SyntaxPROC GLIMMIX StatementBY StatementCLASS StatementCODE StatementCONTRAST StatementCOVTEST StatementEFFECT StatementESTIMATE StatementFREQ StatementID StatementLSMEANS StatementLSMESTIMATE StatementMODEL StatementNLOPTIONS StatementOUTPUT StatementPARMS StatementRANDOM StatementSLICE StatementSTORE StatementWEIGHT StatementProgramming StatementsUser-Defined Link or Variance Function
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DetailsGeneralized Linear Models TheoryGeneralized Linear Mixed Models TheoryGLM Mode or GLMM ModeStatistical Inference for Covariance ParametersDegrees of Freedom MethodsEmpirical Covariance (Sandwich) EstimatorsExploring and Comparing Covariance MatricesProcessing by SubjectsRadial Smoothing Based on Mixed ModelsOdds and Odds Ratio EstimationParameterization of Generalized Linear Mixed ModelsResponse-Level Ordering and ReferencingComparing the GLIMMIX and MIXED ProceduresSingly or Doubly Iterative FittingDefault Estimation TechniquesDefault OutputNotes on Output StatisticsODS Table NamesODS Graphics
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ExamplesBinomial Counts in Randomized BlocksMating Experiment with Crossed Random EffectsSmoothing Disease Rates; Standardized Mortality RatiosQuasi-likelihood Estimation for Proportions with Unknown DistributionJoint Modeling of Binary and Count DataRadial Smoothing of Repeated Measures DataIsotonic Contrasts for Ordered AlternativesAdjusted Covariance Matrices of Fixed EffectsTesting Equality of Covariance and Correlation MatricesMultiple Trends Correspond to Multiple Extrema in Profile LikelihoodsMaximum Likelihood in Proportional Odds Model with Random EffectsFitting a Marginal (GEE-Type) ModelResponse Surface Comparisons with Multiplicity AdjustmentsGeneralized Poisson Mixed Model for Overdispersed Count DataComparing Multiple B-SplinesDiallel Experiment with Multimember Random EffectsLinear Inference Based on Summary DataWeighted Multilevel Model for Survey Data
- References
You can add a multiplicative overdispersion parameter to a generalized linear model in the GLIMMIX procedure with the statement
random _residual_;
For models in which 
, this effectively lifts the constraint of the parameter. In models that already contain a 
or k scale parameter—such as the normal, gamma, or negative binomial model—the statement adds a multiplicative scalar (the overdispersion
parameter, 
) to the variance function.
The overdispersion parameter is estimated from Pearson’s statistic after all other parameters have been determined by (restricted) maximum likelihood or quasi-likelihood. This estimate is
![\[ \widehat{\phi }_ o = \frac{1}{\phi ^ p m} \sum _{i=1}^{n} f_ i w_ i \frac{(y_ i - \mu _ i)^2}{a(\mu _ i)} \]](images/statug_glimmix0557.png){kind=small}
where 
if the NOREML option is in effect, and 
otherwise, and f is the sum of the frequencies. The power p is –1 for the gamma distribution and 1 otherwise.
Adding an overdispersion parameter does not alter any of the other parameter estimates. It only changes the variance-covariance matrix of the estimates by a certain factor. If overdispersion arises from correlations among the observations, then you should investigate more complex random-effects structures.