The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Example 4.2 Calculating Modes

An instructor is interested in calculating all the modes of the scores on a recent exam. The following statements create a data set named Exam, which contains the exam scores in the variable Score:

data Exam;
   label Score = 'Exam Score';
   input Score @@;
   datalines;
81 97 78 99 77 81 84 86 86 97
85 86 94 76 75 42 91 90 88 86
97 97 89 69 72 82 83 81 80 81
;

The following statements use the MODES option to request a table of all possible modes:

title 'Table of Modes for Exam Scores';
ods select Modes;
proc univariate data=Exam modes;
   var Score;
run;

The ODS SELECT statement restricts the output to the "Modes" table; see the section ODS Table Names.

Output 4.2.1: Table of Modes Display

Table of Modes for Exam Scores

The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: Score (Exam Score)

Modes
Mode Count
81 4
86 4
97 4


By default, when the MODES option is used and there is more than one mode, the lowest mode is displayed in the "BasicMeasures" table. The following statements illustrate the default behavior:

title 'Default Output';
ods select BasicMeasures;
proc univariate data=Exam;
   var Score;
run;

Output 4.2.2: Default Output (Without MODES Option)

Default Output

The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: Score (Exam Score)

Basic Statistical Measures
Location Variability
Mean 83.66667 Std Deviation 11.08069
Median 84.50000 Variance 122.78161
Mode 81.00000 Range 57.00000
    Interquartile Range 10.00000

Note: The mode displayed is the smallest of 3 modes with a count of 4.



The default output displays a mode of 81 and includes a note regarding the number of modes; the modes 86 and 97 are not displayed. The ODS SELECT statement restricts the output to the "BasicMeasures" table; see the section ODS Table Names.

A sample program for this example, uniex02.sas, is available in the SAS Sample Library for Base SAS software.