Using This Book

Chapter 1: Introduction to the SAS/C® Library

Commonly Used Functions

Special Features

Compatibility with Standards

• ISO/ANSI C Standards
• Traditional UNIX Support
• POSIX Standards

Rules for Using Different Releases of the Compiler and Library

Library Header Files

• Header File Organization

The errno Variable

• More Exact Error Information: _msgno Variable

System Macro Information

Definitions: <lcdef.h>

Implementation of Functions

• Built-in Functions and Macros

Chapter 2: Function Categories

Introduction

Character Type Macros and Functions

String Utility Functions

• Terms Used in String Function Descriptions
• Optimizing Your Use of memcmp, memcpy, and memset
• Getting the Most Efficient Code

Mathematical Functions

Varying-Length Argument List Functions

General Utility Functions

Program Control Functions

Memory Allocation Functions

Diagnostic Control Functions

Timing Functions

I/O Functions

File Management Functions

System Interface and Environment Variables

Signal-Handling Functions

Chapter 3: I/O Functions

Introduction

Technical Background

• Traditional C (UNIX) I/O Concepts
• UNIX Low-Level I/O
• ISO/ANSI C I/O Concepts
• IBM 370 I/O Concepts
• SAS/C I/O Concepts
• 370 Perspectives on SAS/C Library I/O
• Choosing I/O Techniques and File Organization

Technical Summaries

• Standard I/O Overview
• UNIX Style I/O Overview
• Opening Files
• File Positioning
• Terminal I/O
• Using the OpenEdition Hierarchical File System
• OpenEdition I/O Considerations
• stdin, stdout, and stderr
• I/O Error and Interrupt Handling
• Augmented Standard I/O
• Advanced MVS I/O Facilities
• Advanced CMS I/O Facilities
• Using VSAM Files
• SAS/C I/O Questions and Answers

Chapter 4: Environment Variables

The Environment Variable Concept

• CMS Global Variables
• SAS/C Environment Variables

OpenEdition Considerations

Environment Variables under CMS

Environment Variables under TSO

TSO Technical Notes for Environment Variables

• Accessing the Environment Variable File
• Environment Variable File Format
• Environment Variable Implementation

Environment Variables under MVS Batch

Environment Variables under CICS

• Environment Variable Implementation
• Scope and Size of CICS Environment Variables
• SAS/C Supplied Transactions to Inspect and Modify Environment Variables

Chapter 5: Signal-Handling Functions

Introduction

Terminology Used in Signal Handling

Types of Signal Support

• SAS/C Library
• OpenEdition and POSIX

Supported Signals

Choosing Signal Support Using oesigsetup

• Error Signals with Flexible Handling
• Non-Error Signals with Flexible Handling

Handling Signals

• Using signal
• Using sigaction
• ABEND Handling
• Getting More Information about a Signal
• Default Signal Handling
• Ignoring Signals

Generating Signals

Discovering Asynchronous Signals

• Delaying Discovery of Signals
• Waiting for Signals

Blocking Signals

• Using sigprocmask
• Using sigblock, sigsetmask, and sigpause
• Using Signal Blocking

Using Signals Portably

Using Signals Reliably

Signal Descriptions

• SIGABND -- Program Abnormal Termination
• SIGABRT -- Program Abort
• SIGALRM -- Real-Time Expiration
• SIGFPDIV -- Floating-Point Division by 0
• SIGFPE -- General Computational Error
• SIGFPOFL -- Floating-Point Overflow
• SIGFPUFL -- Floating-Point Underflow
• SIGIDIV -- Integer Division by 0
• SIGILL -- Illegal Instruction
• SIGINT -- Interactive Terminal Attention Signal
• SIGIUCV -- CMS Inter-User Communication
• SIGMEM -- No Memory Available for Stack Space
• SIGSEGV -- Memory Access Violation
• SIGTERM -- Termination Request

Chapter 6: Function Descriptions

Introduction

Functions

• abend - Abnormally Terminate Execution Using ABEND
• abort - Abnormally Terminate Execution
• abs - Integer Conversion: Absolute Value
• access - Test for File Existence and Access Privileges
• _access - Test for HFS File Existence and Access Privileges
• acos - Compute the Trigonometric Arc Cosine
• afflush - Flush File Buffers to Disk
• afopen - Open a File with System-Dependent Options
• afread - Read a Record
• afread0 - Read a Record (Possibly Length 0)
• afreadh - Read Part of a Record
• afreopen - Reopen a File with System-Dependent Options
• afwrite - Write a Record
• afwrite0 - Write a Record (possibly length 0)
• afwriteh - Write Part of a Record
• alarm, alarmd - Request a Signal after a Real-Time Interval
• aopen - Open a UNIX-Style File for I/O with Amparms
• asctime - Convert Time Structure to Character String
• asin - Compute the Trigonometric Arc Sine
• assert - Put Diagnostics into Programs
• atan - Compute the Trigonometric Arc Tangent
• atan2 - Compute the Trigonometric Arc Tangent of a Quotient
• atexit - Register Program Cleanup Function
• atof - Convert a String to Floating Point
• atoi - Convert a String to Integer
• atol - Convert a String to Long
• blkjmp - Intercept Nonlocal gotos
• bsearch - Perform a Binary Search
• btrace - Generate a Traceback
• calloc - Allocate and Clear Memory
• ceil - Round Up a Floating-Point Number
• chdir - Change Directory
• chmod - Change Directory or File Mode
• clearenv - Delete Environment Variables
• clearerr - Clear Error Flag
• clock - Measure Program Processor Time
• close - Close a File or Socket
• _close - Close an HFS File
• closedir - Close Directory
• clrerr - Clear Error Flag and Return Status
• cmsdfind - Find the First CMS Fileid That Matches a Pattern
• cmsdnext - Find the Next CMS Fileid Matching a Pattern
• cmsffind - Find the First CMS Fileid That Matches a Pattern
• cmsfnext - Find the Next CMS Fileid Matching a Pattern
• cmsfquit - Release Data Held by cmsffind
• cmsstat - Fill in a Structure with Information about a File
• cos - Compute the Trigonometric Cosine
• cosh - Compute the Hyperbolic Cosine
• creat - Create and Open a File for UNIX Style I/O
• ctermid - Get Filename for the Terminal
• ctime - Convert Local Time Value to Character String
• cuserid - Get Current Userid
• difftime - Compute the Difference of Two Times
• div - Integer Division
• dup - Duplicate File Descriptor
• dup2 - Specify Duplicate File Descriptor
• ecbpause - Wait for Signal
• ecbsuspend - Suspend Execution Until a Signal or Post
• erf - Compute the Error Function
• erfc - Compute the Complementary Error Function
• exit - Terminate Execution
• exp - Compute the Exponential Function
• fabs - Floating-Point Conversion: Absolute Value
• fattr - Return File Attribute Information
• fchmod - Change Directory or File Mode
• fclose - Close a File
• fcntl - Control Open File Descriptors
• _fcntl - Control Open HFS File Descriptors
• fdopen - Associate Standard I/O File with a File Descriptor
• feof - Test for End of File
• ferror - Test Error Flag
• ffixed - Test for Fixed-Length Records
• fflush - Flush Output Buffer
• fgetc - Read a Character from a File
• fgetpos - Store the Current File Position
• fgets - Read a String from a File
• fileno - Return File Number
• floor - Round Down a Floating-Point Number
• fmax - Find the Maximum of Two Doubles
• fmin - Find the Minimum of Two Doubles
• fmod - Floating-Point Conversion: Modulus
• fnm - Return Filename
• fopen - Open a File
• fprintf - Write Formatted Output to a File
• fputc - Write a Character to a File
• fputs - Write a String to a File
• fread - Read Items from a File
• free - Free a Block of Memory
• freopen - Reopen a File
• frexp - Floating-Point Conversion: Fraction-Exponent Split
• fscanf - Read Formatted Input from a File
• fseek - Reposition a File
• fsetpos - Reposition a File
• fstat - Determine File Status by Descriptor
• fsync - Flush UNIX style File Buffers to Disk
• _fsync - Flush HFS File Buffers to Disk
• ftell - Obtain the Current File Position
• fterm - Terminal File Test
• ftruncate - Truncate a File
• fwrite - Write Items to a File
• gamma - Compute the Logarithm of the Gamma Function
• getc - Read a Character from a File
• getchar - Read a Character from the Standard Input Stream
• getcwd - Determine Working Directory Pathname
• getenv - Get Value of Environment Variable
• getlogin - Determine User Login Name
• gets - Read a String from the Standard Input Stream
• gmtime - Break Greenwich Mean Time into Components
• hypot - Compute the Hypotenuse function
• isalnum - Alphanumeric Character Test
• isalpha - Alphabetic Character Test
• isascii - ASCII Character Test
• isatty - Test for Terminal File
• iscics - Return CICS Environment Information
• iscntrl - Control Character Test
• iscsym - Test for Valid C Identifier Symbol
• iscsymf - Test for Valid C Identifier Initial Symbol
• isdigit - Test for Numeric Character
• isebcdic - EBCDIC Character Test
• isgraph - Graphic Character Test
• islower - Lowercase Alphabetic Character Test
• isprint - Printing Character Test
• ispunct - Punctuation Test
• isspace - White Space Test
• isupper - Uppercase Alphabetic Character Test
• isxdigit - Hexadecimal Digit Test
• j0 - Bessel Function of the First Kind, Order 0
• j1 - Bessel Function of the First Kind, Order 1
• jn - Bessel Function of the First Kind, Order n
• kdelete - Delete Current Record from Keyed File
• kgetpos - Return Position Information for VSAM File
• kill - Send Signal to Process
• kinsert - Insert Record into Keyed File
• kreplace - Replace Record in Keyed File
• kretrv - Retrieve Next Record from Keyed File
• ksearch - Search Keyed File for Matching Record
• kseek - Reposition a Keyed Stream
• ktell - Return RBA of Current Record
• labs - Integer Conversion: Absolute Value
• ldexp - Floating-Point Conversion: Load Exponen
• _ldexp - Fast Implementation of ldexp
• ldiv - Integer Conversion: Division
• link - Create Link to File
• localtime - Break Local Time Value into Components
• log - Compute the Natural Logarithm
• log10 - Compute the Common Logarithm
• longjmp - Perform Nonlocal goto
• lseek - Position a UNIX Style File
• _lseek - Position an HFS File
• lstat - Get File or Link Status
• malloc - Allocate Memory
• _matherr - Handle Math Function Error
• max - Find the Maximum of Two Integers
• memchr - Locate First Occurrence of a Character
• memcmp - Compare Two Blocks of Memory
• memcmpp - Compare Two Blocks of Memory with Padding
• memcpy - Copy Characters
• memcpyp - Copy Characters (with Padding)
• memfil - Fill a Block of Memory with a Multicharacter String
• memlwr - Translate a Memory Block to Lowercase
• memmove - Copy Characters
• memscan - Scan a Block of Memory Using a Translate Table
• memscntb - Build a Translate Table for Use by memscan
• memset - Fill a Block of Memory with a Single Character
• memupr - Translate a Memory Block to Uppercase
• memxlt - Translate a Block of Memory
• min - Find the Minimum of Two Integers
• mkdir - Create Directory
• mkfifo - Create FIFO Special File
• mktime - Generate Encoded Time Value
• modf - Floating-Point Conversion: Fraction-Integer Split
• oeddinfo - Use DDname to get Information about an HFS File
• oesigsetup - Control Signals
• onjmp - Define Target for Nonlocal goto
• onjmpout - Intercept Nonlocal gotos
• open - Open a File for UNIX Style I/O
• _open - Open an HFS File for I/O
• opendir - Open Directory
• osddinfo - Use DDname to get Information about a Data Set
• osdfind - Find the First MVS File or Member Matching a Pattern
• osdnext - Find the Next MVS File or Member Matching a Pattern
• osdquit - Terminate MVS File or Member Search
• osdsinfo - Obtain Information about a Data Set by DSname
• oslink - Call an MVS Utility Program
• palloc - Allocate an Element from a Storage Pool
• pause - Suspend Execution until a Signal Is Received
• pclose - Close Pipe I/O To a Process
• pdel - Delete a Storage Pool
• pdset - Packed Decimal Conversion: Double to Packed Decimal
• pdval - Packed Decimal Conversion: Packed Decimal to Double
• perror - Write Diagnostic Message
• pfree - Return an Allocated Element to a Storage Pool
• pipe - Create Unnamed Pipe
• pool - Allocate a Storage Pool
• popen - Open Pipe I/O to a Shell Command
• pow - Compute the Value of the Power Function
• printf - Write Formatted Output to the Standard Output Stream
• putc - Write a Character to a File
• putchar - Write a Character to the Standard Output Stream
• putenv - Modify or Define Environment Variable
• puts - Write a String to the Standard Output Stream
• qsort - Sort an Array of Elements
• quiet - Control Library Diagnostic Output
• raise - Generate an Artificial Signal
• rand - Simple Random Number Generation
• read - Read Data from a File or a Socket
• _read - Read Data from an HFS File
• readdir - Read Directory Entry
• readlink - Read Symbolic Link
• realloc - Change the Size of an Allocated Memory Block
• remove - Delete a File
• rename - Rename a Disk File
• _rename - Rename an HFS File
• rewind - Position to Start of File
• rewinddir - Rewind Directory Stream
• rmdir - Remove Directory
• sbrk - UNIX Low-Level Memory Allocation
• scanf - Read Formatted Data from the Standard Input Stream
• setbuf - Change Stream Buffering
• setenv - Assign Environment Variable
• setjmp - Define Label for Nonlocal goto
• setvbuf - Change Stream Buffering
• sfsstat - Return Information about a CMS Shared File System File or Directory
• sigaction - Define a Signal-Handling Action
• sigaddset, sigdelset, sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigismember - Modify the Signals in a Set of Signals
• sigblock - Inhibit Discovery of Asynchronous Signals
• sigchk - Check for Asynchronous Signals
• siggen - Generate an Artificial Signal with Additional Information
• siginfo - Obtain Information about a Signal
• siglongjmp - Restore Stack Environment and Signal Mask
• signal - Define Program Signal Handling
• sigpause - Suspend Execution and Control Blocking of Signals
• sigpending - Return Pending Signals
• sigprocmask - Modify a Program's Signal Mask
• sigsetjmp - Save Stack Environment and Signal Mask
• sigsetmask - Inhibit or Permit Discovery of Signals
• sigsuspend - Replace Signal Mask and Suspend Execution
• sin - Compute the Trigonometric Sine
• sinh - Compute the Hyperbolic Sine
• sleep, sleepd - Suspend Execution for a Period of Time
• snprintf - Write a Limited Portion of Formatted Output to a String
• sprintf - Write Formatted Output to a String
• sqrt - Compute the Square Root
• srand - Initialize Random Number Generator
• sscanf - Read Formatted Data from a String
• stat - Determine File Status by Pathname
• stcpm - Unanchored Pattern Match
• stcpma - Anchored Pattern Match
• strcat - Concatenate Two Null-Terminated Strings
• strchr - Locate First Occurrence of a Character in a String
• strcmp - Compare Two Null-Terminated Strings
• strcpy - Copy a Null-Terminated String
• strcspn - Locate the First Occurrence of the First Character in a Set
• strerror - Map Error Number to a Message String
• strftime - Convert Time to String
• strlen - Compute Length of Null-Terminated String
• strlwr - Convert a String from Uppercase to Lowercase
• strncat - Concatenate Two Null-Terminated Strings (Limited)
• strncmp - Compare Portions of Two Strings
• strncpy - Copy a Limited Portion of a Null-Terminated String
• strpbrk - Find First Occurrence of Character of Set in String
• strrchr - Locate the Last Occurrence of a Character in a String
• strrcspn - Locate the Last Character in a Set
• strrspn - Locate the Last Character of a Search Set Not in a Given Set
• strsave - Allocate a Copy of a Character String
• strscan - Scan a String Using a Translate Table
• strscntb - Build a Translate Table for Use by strscan
• strspn - Locate the First Occurrence of the First Character Not in a Set
• strstr - Locate First Occurrence of a String within a String
• strtod - Convert a String to Double
• strtok - Get a Token from a String
• strtol - Convert a String to Long Integer
• strtoul - Convert a String to an Unsigned Long Integer
• strupr - Convert a String from Lowercase to Uppercase
• strxlt - Translate a Character String
• symlink - Make Symbolic Link
• system - Execute a System Command
• tan - Compute the Trigonometric Tangent
• tanh - Compute the Hyperbolic Tangent
• time - Return the Current Time
• tmpfile - Create and Open a Temporary File
• tmpnam - Generate Temporary Filename
• toebcdic - Reduce Integer to EBCDIC Character
• tolower - Translate Uppercase Character to Lowercase
• toupper - Translate Lowercase Character to Uppercase
• ttyname - Get Terminal Name
• tzset - Specify Time Zone
• ungetc - Push Back an Input Character
• unlink - Delete a File
• _unlink - Delete an HFS File
• utime - Specify Access and Modification Times for a File
• va_arg - Access an Argument from a Varying-Length Argument List
• va_end - End Varying Text-Length Argument List Processing
• va_start - Begin Varying-Length Argument List Processing
• vfprintf - Write Formatted Output to a File
• vprintf - Write Formatted Output to the Standard Output Stream
• vsnprintf - Write a Limited Portion of Formatted Output to a String
• vsprintf - Write Formatted Output to a String
• write - Write Data to a File or Socket
• _write - Write Data to an HFS File
• xltable - Build Character Translation Table
• y0 - Bessel Function of the Second Kind, Order 0
• y1 - Bessel Function of the Second Kind, Order 1
• yn - Bessel Function of the Second Kind, Order n

Copyright (c) 1998 SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.