NLPLM Call
calculates Levenberg-Marquardt least squares
- CALL NLPLM( rc, xr, "fun", x0, opt, blc, tc, par,
"ptit", "jac">);
See the section
"Nonlinear Optimization and Related Subroutines" for a listing of all NLP subroutines.
See
Chapter 11 for a description of
the inputs to and outputs of all NLP subroutines.
The NLPLM subroutine uses the Levenberg-Marquardt method, which is
an efficient modification of the trust-region method for nonlinear
least squares problems and is implemented as in Moré (1978).
This is the recommended algorithm for
small to medium least squares problems.
Large least squares problems can often
be processed more efficiently with other
subroutines, such as the
NLPCG and
NLPQN methods.
In each iteration, the NLPLM subroutine solves a
quadratically constrained quadratic minimization
problem that restricts the step to the boundary or
interior of an
-dimensional elliptical trust region.
The
functions
are computed by
the module specified with the
"fun" module argument.
The
Jacobian matrix,
J, contains
the first-order derivatives of the
functions
with respect to the
parameters, as follows:
You can specify
J with the
"jac"
module argument; otherwise, the subroutine will
compute it with finite difference approximations.
In each iteration, the subroutine computes the
crossproduct of the Jacobian matrix,
, to be used as an approximate Hessian.
Note: In least squares subroutines, you must set the first
element of the opt vector to , the number of functions.
In addition to the standard iteration history, the
NLPLM subroutine also prints the following information:
- Under the heading Iter, an asterisk (*)
printed after the iteration number indicates that
the computed Hessian approximation was singular
and had to be ridged with a positive value.
- The heading lambda represents
the Lagrange multiplier, .
This has a value of zero when the optimum of the quadratic
function approximation is inside the trust region, in
which case a trust-region-scaled Newton step is performed.
It is greater than zero when the optimum is at the
boundary of the trust region, in which case the scaled
Newton step is too long to fit in the trust region
and a quadratically constrained optimization is done.
Large values indicate optimization difficulties,
and as in Gay (1983), a negative value indicates
the special case of an indefinite Hessian matrix.
- The heading rho refers to , the ratio between
the achieved and predicted difference in function values.
Values that are much smaller than one
indicate optimization difficulties.
Values close to or larger than one indicate
that the trust region radius can be increased.
See the section "Unconstrained Rosenbrock Function" for an example that uses the NLPLM
subroutine to solve the unconstrained Rosenbrock problem.
Copyright © 2009 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.