# The COUNTREG Procedure

### Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression

Subsections:

The zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model in PROC COUNTREG is based on the negative binomial model with quadratic variance function (p=2). The ZINB model is obtained by specifying a negative binomial distribution for the data generation process referred to earlier as Process 2:

Thus the ZINB model is defined to be

In this case, the conditional expectation and conditional variance of are

Like the ZIP model, the ZINB model exhibits overdispersion because the conditional variance exceeds the conditional mean.

#### ZINB Model with Logistic Link Function

In this model, the probability is given by the logistic function—namely,

The log-likelihood function is

See the section Poisson Regression for the definition of .

The gradient for this model is given by

#### ZINB Model with Standard Normal Link Function

For this model, the probability is specified using the standard normal distribution function (probit function): . The log-likelihood function is

See the section Poisson Regression for the definition of .

The gradient for this model is given by