The CLUSTER Procedure

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Blashfield, R. K., and Aldenderfer, M. S. (1978). “The Literature on Cluster Analysis.” Multivariate Behavioral Research 13:271–295.

Caliński, T., and Harabasz, J. (1974). “A Dendrite Method for Cluster Analysis.” Communications in Statistics—Theory and Methods 3:1–27.

Cooper, M. C., and Milligan, G. W. (1988). “The Effect of Error on Determining the Number of Clusters.” In Data, Expert Knowledge, and Decisions, edited by W. Gaul, and M. Schrader, 319–328. London: Springer-Verlag.

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Everitt, B. S. (1980). Cluster Analysis. 2nd ed. London: Heineman Educational Books.

Fisher, L., and Van Ness, J. W. (1971). “Admissible Clustering Procedures.” Biometrika 58:91–104.

Fisher, R. A. (1936). “The Use of Multiple Measurements in Taxonomic Problems.” Annals of Eugenics 7:179–188.

Florek, K., Lukaszewicz, J., Perkal, J., and Zubrzycki, S. (1951a). “Sur la liaison et la division des points d’un ensemble fini.” Colloquium Mathematicae 2:282–285.

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Hamer, R. M., and Cunningham, J. W. (1981). “Cluster Analyzing Profile Data with Interrater Differences: A Comparison of Profile Association Measures.” Applied Psychological Measurement 5:63–72.

Hartigan, J. A. (1975). Clustering Algorithms. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hartigan, J. A. (1977). “Distribution Problems in Clustering.” In Classification and Clustering, edited by J. V. Ryzin, 45–72. New York: Academic Press.

Hartigan, J. A. (1981). “Consistency of Single Linkage for High-Density Clusters.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 76:388–394.

Hawkins, D. M., Muller, M. W., and ten Krooden, J. A. (1982). “Cluster Analysis.” In Topics in Applied Multivariate Analysis, edited by D. M. Hawkins, 303–356. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Johnson, S. C. (1967). “Hierarchical Clustering Schemes.” Psychometrika 32:241–254.

Lance, G. N., and Williams, W. T. (1967). “A General Theory of Classificatory Sorting Strategies, Part I: Hierarchical Systems.” Computer Journal 9:373–380.

Massart, D. L., and Kaufman, L. (1983). The Interpretation of Analytical Chemical Data by the Use of Cluster Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

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McQuitty, L. L. (1966). “Similarity Analysis by Reciprocal Pairs for Discrete and Continuous Data.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 26:825–831.

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Milligan, G. W. (1979). “Ultrametric Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms.” Psychometrika 44:343–346.

Milligan, G. W. (1980). “An Examination of the Effect of Six Types of Error Perturbation on Fifteen Clustering Algorithms.” Psychometrika 45:325–342.

Milligan, G. W. (1987). “A Study of the Beta-Flexible Clustering Method.” College of Administrative Science Working Paper Series, No. 87-61, Ohio State University.

Milligan, G. W., and Cooper, M. C. (1985). “An Examination of Procedures for Determining the Number of Clusters in a Data Set.” Psychometrika 50:159–179.

Milligan, G. W., and Cooper, M. C. (1987). “A Study of Variable Standardization.” College of Administrative Science Working Paper Series, No. 87-63, Ohio State University.

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Sarle, W. S. (1983). Cubic Clustering Criterion. Technical Report A-108, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

Silverman, B. W. (1986). Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. New York: Chapman & Hall.

Sneath, P. H. A. (1957). “The Application of Computers to Taxonomy.” Journal of General Microbiology 17:201–226.

Sneath, P. H. A., and Sokal, R. R. (1973). Numerical Taxonomy. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

Sokal, R. R., and Michener, C. D. (1958). “A Statistical Method for Evaluating Systematic Relationships.” University of Kansas Science Bulletin 38:1409–1438.

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Spath, H. (1980). Cluster Analysis Algorithms. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood.

Symons, M. J. (1981). “Clustering Criteria and Multivariate Normal Mixtures.” Biometrics 37:35–43.

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Wishart, D. (1969). “Mode Analysis: A Generalisation of Nearest Neighbour Which Reduces Chaining Effects.” In Numerical Taxonomy, edited by A. J. Cole, 282–311. London: Academic Press.

Wong, M. A. (1982). “A Hybrid Clustering Method for Identifying High-Density Clusters.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 77:841–847.

Wong, M. A., and Lane, T. (1983). “A kth Nearest Neighbor Clustering Procedure.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 45:362–368.

Wong, M. A., and Schaack, C. (1982). “Using the kth Nearest Neighbor Clustering Procedure to Determine the Number of Subpopulations.” Proceedings of the Statistical Computing Section, American Statistical Association 40–48.