The TRANSREG Procedure
- Overview
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Getting Started
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Syntax
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Details
Model Statement Usage Box-Cox Transformations Using Splines and Knots Scoring Spline Variables Linear and Nonlinear Regression Functions Simultaneously Fitting Two Regression Functions Penalized B-Splines Smoothing Splines Smoothing Splines Changes and Enhancements Iteration History Changes and Enhancements ANOVA Codings Missing Values Missing Values, UNTIE, and Hypothesis Tests Controlling the Number of Iterations Using the REITERATE Algorithm Option Avoiding Constant Transformations Constant Variables Character OPSCORE Variables Convergence and Degeneracies Implicit and Explicit Intercepts Passive Observations Point Models Redundancy Analysis Optimal Scaling OPSCORE, MONOTONE, UNTIE, and LINEAR Transformations SPLINE and MSPLINE Transformations Specifying the Number of Knots SPLINE, BSPLINE, and PSPLINE Comparisons Hypothesis Tests Output Data Set OUTTEST= Output Data Set Computational Resources Unbalanced ANOVA without CLASS Variables Hypothesis Tests for Simple Univariate Models Hypothesis Tests with Monotonicity Constraints Hypothesis Tests with Dependent Variable Transformations Hypothesis Tests with One-Way ANOVA Using the DESIGN Output Option Discrete Choice Experiments: DESIGN, NORESTORE, NOZERO Centering Displayed Output ODS Table Names ODS Graphics
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Examples
- References
| Controlling the Number of Iterations |
Several a-options in the PROC TRANSREG or MODEL statement control the number of iterations performed. Iteration terminates when any one of the following conditions is satisfied:
The number of iterations equals the value of the MAXITER= a-option.
The average absolute change in variable scores from one iteration to the next is less than the value of the CONVERGE= a-option.
The criterion change is less than the value of the CCONVERGE= a-option.
You can specify negative values for either convergence a-option if you want to define convergence only in terms of the other option. The criterion change can become negative when the data have converged, so it is numerically impossible, within machine precision, to increase the criterion. Usually, a negative criterion change is the result of very small amounts of rounding error, since the algorithms are (usually) convergent. However, there are cases where a negative criterion change is a sign of divergence, which is not necessarily an error. When you specify an SSPLINE transformation or the REITERATE or SOLVE a-option, divergence is perfectly normal.
When there are no monotonicity constraints and there is only one canonical variable in each set, PROC TRANSREG (with the SOLVE a-option) can usually find the optimal solution in only one iteration. (There are no monotonicity constraints when none of the following is specified: MONOTONE, MSPLINE, or UNTIE transformation or the UNTIE= or MONOTONE= a-option. There is only one canonical variable in each set when METHOD=MORALS or METHOD=UNIVARIATE, or when METHOD=REDUNDANCY with only one dependent variable, or when METHOD=CANALS and NCAN=1.)
The initialization iteration is number 0. When there are no monotonicity constraints and there is only one canonical variable in each set, the next iteration shows no change, and iteration stops. At least two iterations (0 and 1) are performed with the SOLVE a-option even if nothing changes in iteration 0. The MONOTONE, MSPLINE, and UNTIE variables are not transformed by the canonical initialization. Note that divergence with the SOLVE a-option, particularly in the second iteration, is not an error. The initialization iteration is slower and uses more memory than other iterations. However, for many models, specifying the SOLVE a-option can greatly decrease the amount of time required to find the optimal transformations.
You can increase the number of iterations to ensure convergence by increasing the value of the MAXITER= a-option and decreasing the value of the CONVERGE= a-option. Since the average absolute change in standardized variable scores seldom decreases below 1E–11, you should not specify a value for the CONVERGE= a-option less than 1E–8 or 1E–10. Most of the data changes occur during the first few iterations, but the data can still change after 50 or even 100 iterations. You can try different combinations of values for the CONVERGE= and MAXITER= a-options to ensure convergence without extreme overiteration. If the data do not converge with the default specifications, try CONVERGE=1E–8 and MAXITER=50, or CONVERGE=1E–10 and MAXITER=200. Note that you can specify the REITERATE a-option to start iterating where the previous analysis stopped.