specifies the level of significance for % confidence intervals. The value number must be between 0 and 1; the default value is 0.05, which results in 95% intervals. This value is used as the default confidence level for limits computed by the following options:

You can override the default in most of these cases by specifying the ALPHA= option in the separate statements.

adds the estimated covariance matrix to the OUTEST= data set. For the COVOUT option to have an effect, the OUTEST= option must be specified. See the section OUTEST= Output Data Set for more information.

names the SAS data set containing the data to be analyzed. If you omit the DATA= option, the procedure uses the most recently created SAS data set. The INMODEL= option cannot be specified with this option.

reverses the sorting order for the levels of the response variable. If both the DESCENDING and ORDER= options are specified, PROC LOGISTIC orders the levels according to the ORDER= option and then reverses that order. This option has the same effect as the response variable option DESCENDING in the MODEL statement. See the section Response Level Ordering for more detail.

requests only the exact analyses. The asymptotic analysis that PROC LOGISTIC usually performs is suppressed.

specifies options that apply to every EXACT statement in the program. The following options are available:

ADDTOBS

adds the observed sufficient statistic to the sampled exact distribution if the statistic was not sampled. This option has no effect unless the METHOD=NETWORKMC option is specified and the ESTIMATE option is specified in the EXACT statement. If the observed statistic has not been sampled, then the parameter estimate does not exist; by specifying this option, you can produce (biased) estimates.

BUILDSUBSETS

Some exact distributions are created by taking a subset of a previously generated exact distribution. When the METHOD=NETWORKMC option is invoked, this has the effect of using fewer than the desired samples; see the N= option for more details. The BUILDSUBSETS option suppresses this subsetting behavior and instead builds every distribution for sampling.

EPSILON=value

controls how the partial sums are compared. value must be between and ; by default, value=1E–8.

MAXTIME=seconds

specifies the maximum clock time (in seconds) that PROC LOGISTIC can use to calculate the exact distributions. If the limit is exceeded, the procedure halts all computations and prints a note to the LOG. The default maximum clock time is seven days.

METHOD=keyword

specifies which exact conditional algorithm to use for every EXACT statement specified. You can specify one of the following keywords:

DIRECT

invokes the multivariate shift algorithm of Hirji, Mehta, and Patel (1987). This method directly builds the exact distribution, but it can require an excessive amount of memory in its intermediate stages. METHOD=DIRECT is invoked by default when you are conditioning out at most the intercept, or when the LINK=GLOGIT option is specified in the MODEL statement.

NETWORK

invokes an algorithm described in Mehta, Patel, and Senchaudhuri (1992). This method builds a network for each parameter that you are conditioning out, combines the networks, then uses the multivariate shift algorithm to create the exact distribution. The NETWORK method can be faster and require less memory than the DIRECT method. The NETWORK method is invoked by default for most analyses.

NETWORKMC

invokes the hybrid network and Monte Carlo algorithm of Mehta, Patel, and Senchaudhuri (1992). This method creates a network, then samples from that network; this method does not reject any of the samples at the cost of using a large amount of memory to create the network. METHOD=NETWORKMC is most useful for producing parameter estimates for problems that are too large for the DIRECT and NETWORK methods to handle and for which asymptotic methods are invalid—for example, for sparse data on a large grid.

N=n

specifies the number of Monte Carlo samples to take when the METHOD=NETWORKMC option is specified. By default, n. If the procedure cannot obtain n samples due to a lack of memory, then a note is printed in the SAS log (the number of valid samples is also reported in the listing) and the analysis continues.

Note that the number of samples used to produce any particular statistic might be smaller than n. For example, let and be continuous variables, denote their joint distribution by , and let denote the marginal distribution of conditioned on the observed value of . If you request the JOINT test of and , then n samples are used to generate the estimate of , from which the test is computed. However, the parameter estimate for is computed from the subset of having , and this subset need not contain n samples. Similarly, the distribution for each level of a classification variable is created by extracting the appropriate subset from the joint distribution for the CLASS variable.

In some cases, the marginal sample size can be too small to admit accurate estimation of a particular statistic; a note is printed in the SAS log when a marginal sample size is less than 100. Increasing n will increase the number of samples used in a marginal distribution; however, if you want to control the sample size exactly, you can either specify the BUILDSUBSETS option or do both of the following:

• Remove the JOINT option from the EXACT statement.

• Create dummy variables in a DATA step to represent the levels of a CLASS variable, and specify them as independent variables in the MODEL statement.

ONDISK

uses disk space instead of random access memory to build the exact conditional distribution. Use this option to handle larger problems at the cost of slower processing.

SEED=seed

specifies the initial seed for the random number generator used to take the Monte Carlo samples when the METHOD=NETWORKMC option is specified. The value of the SEED= option must be an integer. If you do not specify a seed, or if you specify a value less than or equal to zero, then PROC LOGISTIC uses the time of day from the computer’s clock to generate an initial seed. The seed is displayed in the "Model Information" table.

STATUSN=number

prints a status line in the SAS log after every number Monte Carlo samples when the METHOD=NETWORKMC option is specified. The number of samples taken and the current exact p-value for testing the significance of the model are displayed. You can use this status line to track the progress of the computation of the exact conditional distributions.

STATUSTIME=seconds

specifies the time interval (in seconds) for printing a status line in the LOG. You can use this status line to track the progress of the computation of the exact conditional distributions. The time interval you specify is approximate; the actual time interval will vary. By default, no status reports are produced.

names the SAS data set that contains initial estimates for all the parameters in the model. If BY-group processing is used, it must be accommodated in setting up the INEST= data set. See the section INEST= Input Data Set for more information.

specifies the name of the SAS data set that contains the model information needed for scoring new data. This INMODEL= data set is the OUTMODEL= data set saved in a previous PROC LOGISTIC call. Note that the OUTMODEL= data set should not be modified before its use as an INMODEL= data set.

The DATA= option in the PROC LOGISTIC statement cannot be specified with this option; instead, specify the data sets to be scored in the SCORE statements. FORMAT statements are not allowed when the INMODEL= data set is specified; variables in the DATA= and PRIOR= data sets in the SCORE statement should be formatted within the data sets.

You can specify the BY statement provided that the INMODEL= data set is created under the same BY-group processing.

The CLASS, EXACT, MODEL, OUTPUT, ROC, ROCCONTRAST, TEST, and UNIT statements are not available with the INMODEL= option.

forces the procedure to reread the DATA= data set as needed rather than require its storage in memory or in a temporary file on disk. By default, the data set is cleaned up and stored in memory or in a temporary file. This option can be useful for large data sets. All exact analyses are ignored in the presence of the MULTIPASS option. If a STRATA statement is specified, then the data set must first be grouped or sorted by the strata variables.

specifies the maximum length of effect names in tables and output data sets to be n characters, where n is a value between 20 and 200. The default length is 20 characters.

specifies that the covariance matrix not be saved in the OUTMODEL= data set. The covariance matrix is needed for computing the confidence intervals for the posterior probabilities in the OUT= data set in the SCORE statement. Specifying this option will reduce the size of the OUTMODEL= data set.

suppresses all displayed output. Note that this option temporarily disables the Output Delivery System (ODS); see Chapter 20, Using the Output Delivery System, for more information.

specifies the sorting order for the levels of the response variable. See the response variable option ORDER= in the MODEL statement for more information. For ordering of CLASS variable levels, see the ORDER= option in the CLASS statement.

specifies the name of the data set that contains the design matrix for the model. The data set contains the same number of observations as the corresponding DATA= data set and includes the response variable (with the same format as in the DATA= data set), the FREQ variable, the WEIGHT variable, the OFFSET= variable, and the design variables for the covariates, including the Intercept variable of constant value 1 unless the NOINT option in the MODEL statement is specified.

suppresses the model fitting and creates only the OUTDESIGN= data set. This option is ignored if the OUTDESIGN= option is not specified.

creates an output SAS data set that contains the final parameter estimates and, optionally, their estimated covariances (see the preceding COVOUT option). The output data set also includes a variable named _LNLIKE_, which contains the log likelihood. See the section OUTEST= Output Data Set for more information.

specifies the name of the SAS data set that contains the information about the fitted model. This data set contains sufficient information to score new data without having to refit the model. It is solely used as the input to the INMODEL= option in a subsequent PROC LOGISTIC call. The OUTMODEL= option is not available with the STRATA statement. Information in this data set is stored in a very compact form, so you should not modify it manually.

controls the plots produced through ODS Graphics. When you specify only one plot-request, you can omit the parentheses from around the plot-request. For example:

   PLOTS = ALL
   PLOTS = (ROC EFFECT INFLUENCE(UNPACK))
   PLOTS(ONLY) = EFFECT(CLBAR SHOWOBS)

You must enable ODS Graphics before requesting plots. For example:

   ods graphics on;
   proc logistic plots=all;
      model y=x;
   run;
   ods graphics off;

If the PLOTS option is not specified or is specified with no options, then graphics are produced by default in the following situations:

• If the INFLUENCE or IPLOTS option is specified in the MODEL statement, then the line-printer plots are suppressed and the INFLUENCE plots are produced.

• If you specify the OUTROC= option in the MODEL statement, then ROC curves are produced. If you also specify a SELECTION= method, then an overlaid plot of all the ROC curves for each step of the selection process is displayed.

• If the OUTROC= option is specified in a SCORE statement, then the ROC curve for the scored data set is displayed.

• If you specify ROC statements, then an overlaid plot of the ROC curves for the model (or the selected model if a SELECTION= method is specified) and for all the ROC statement models is displayed.

• If you specify the CLODDS= option in the MODEL statement, or specify an ODDSRATIO statement, then a plot of the odds ratios and their confidence limits is displayed.

For general information about ODS Graphics, see Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS.

The following global-plot-options are available:

LABEL

displays the case number on diagnostic plots, to aid in identifying the outlying observations. This option enhances the plots produced by the DFBETAS, DPC, INFLUENCE, LEVERAGE, and PHAT options.

ONLY

suppresses the default plots. Only specifically requested plot-requests are displayed.

UNPACKPANELS | UNPACK

suppresses paneling. By default, multiple plots can appear in some output panels. Specify UNPACKPANEL to display each plot separately.

The following plot-requests are available:

ALL

produces all appropriate plots. You can specify other options with ALL. For example, to display all plots and unpack the DFBETAS plots you can specify plots=(all dfbetas(unpack)).

DFBETAS <(UNPACK)>

displays plots of DFBETAS versus the case (observation) number. This displays the statistics generated by the DFBETAS=_ALL_ option in the OUTPUT statement. The UNPACK option displays the plots separately. See Output 51.6.5 for an example of this plot.

DPC <(UNPACK)>

displays plots of DIFCHISQ and DIFDEV versus the predicted event probability, and colors the markers according to the value of the confidence interval displacement C. The UNPACK option displays the plots separately. See Output 51.6.8 for an example of this plot.

EFFECT<(effect-options)>

displays and enhances the effect plots for the model. For more information about effect plots and the available effect-options, see the section EFFECT Plots. See Outputs 51.2.11, 51.3.5, 51.4.8, 51.7.4, and 51.15.4 for examples of this plot.

INFLUENCE<(UNPACK)>

displays index plots of RESCHI, RESDEV, leverage, confidence interval displacements C and CBar, DIFCHISQ, and DIFDEV. These plots are produced by default when ods graphics on is specified. The UNPACK option displays the plots separately. See Outputs 51.6.3 and 51.6.4 for examples of this plot.

LEVERAGE<(UNPACK)>

displays plots of DIFCHISQ, DIFDEV, confidence interval displacement C, and the predicted probability versus the leverage. The UNPACK option displays the plots separately. See Output 51.6.7 for an example of this plot.

NONE

suppresses all plots.

ODDSRATIO<(oddsratio-options)>

displays and enhances the odds ratio plots for the model when the CLODDS= option or ODDSRATIO statements are also specified. For more information about odds ratio plots and the available oddsratio-options, see the section Odds Ratio Plots. See Outputs 51.7,51.2.9, 51.3.3, and 51.4.5 for examples of this plot.

PHAT<(UNPACK)>

displays plots of DIFCHISQ, DIFDEV, confidence interval displacement C, and leverage versus the predicted event probability. The UNPACK option displays the plots separately. See Output 51.6.6 for an example of this plot.

ROC<(ID=keyword)>

displays the ROC curve. If you also specify a SELECTION= method, then an overlaid plot of all the ROC curves for each step of the selection process is displayed. If you specify ROC statements, then an overlaid plot of the model (or the selected model if a SELECTION= method is specified) and the ROC statement models will be displayed. If the OUTROC= option is specified in a SCORE statement, then the ROC curve for the scored data set is displayed.

The ID= option labels certain points on the ROC curve. Typically, the labeled points are closest to the upper-left corner of the plot, and points directly below or to the right of a labeled point are suppressed. Specifying ID=PROB | CUTPOINT displays the predicted probability of those points, while ID=CASENUM | OBS displays the observation number. In case of ties, only the last observation number is displayed.

See Output 51.7.3 and Example 51.8 for examples of these ROC plots.

specifies options that apply to every model specified in a ROC statement. The following options are available:

ALPHA=number

sets the significance level for creating confidence limits of the areas and the pairwise differences. The ALPHA= value specified in the PROC LOGISTIC statement is the default. If neither ALPHA= value is specified, then ALPHA=0.05 by default.

EPS=value

is an alias for the ROCEPS= option in the MODEL statement. This value is used to determine which predicted probabilities are equal. By default, EPS=1000*MACEPS (about 1E–12) for comparisons; however, EPS=0.0001 for computing from the "Association of Predicted Probabilities and Observed Responses" table when ROC statements are not specified.

ID=keyword-or-variable

displays labels on certain points on the individual ROC curves. This option is identical to, and overrides, the ID= suboption of the PLOTS=ROC option in the PROC statement. Specifying ID=PROB | CUTPOINT displays the predicted probability of an observation, while ID=CASENUM | OBS displays the observation number. In case of ties, the last observation number is displayed.

NODETAILS

suppresses the display of the model fitting information for the models specified in the ROC statements.

OUT=SAS-data-set-name

is an alias for the OUTROC= option in the MODEL statement.

WEIGHTED

uses frequencyweight in the ROC computations (Izrael et al.; 2002) instead of just frequency. Typically, weights are considered in the fit of the model only, and hence are accounted for in the parameter estimates. The "Association of Predicted Probabilities and Observed Responses" table uses frequency only, and is suppressed when ROC comparisons are performed.

displays simple descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) for each continuous explanatory variable. For each CLASS variable involved in the modeling, the frequency counts of the classification levels are displayed. The SIMPLE option generates a breakdown of the simple descriptive statistics or frequency counts for the entire data set and also for individual response categories.

determines class levels by using no more than the first 16 characters of the formatted values of CLASS, response, and strata variables. When formatted values are longer than 16 characters, you can use this option to revert to the levels as determined in releases previous to SAS 9.0. This option invokes the same option in the CLASS statement.