The CPM Procedure

Example 4.6 Changing Duration Units

This example illustrates the use of the INTERVAL= option to identify the units of duration to PROC CPM. In the previous examples, it was assumed that work can be done on the activities all seven days of the week without any break. Suppose now that you want to schedule the activities only on weekdays. To do so, specify INTERVAL=WEEKDAY in the PROC CPM statement. Output 4.6.1 displays the schedule produced by PROC CPM. Note that, with a shorter work week, the project finishes on March 8, 2004, instead of on February 9, 2004.


proc cpm data=widget out=save
     date='1dec03'd interval=weekday;
   activity task;
   succ     succ1 succ2 succ3;
   duration days;
   run;

title 'Changing Duration Units';
title2 'INTERVAL=WEEKDAY';
proc print;
   id task;
   var e_: l_: t_float f_float;
   run;

Output 4.6.1: Changing Duration Units: INTERVAL=WEEKDAY

Changing Duration Units

INTERVAL=WEEKDAY

task	E_START	E_FINISH	L_START	L_FINISH	T_FLOAT	F_FLOAT
Approve Plan	01DEC03	05DEC03	01DEC03	05DEC03	0	0
Drawings	08DEC03	19DEC03	08DEC03	19DEC03	0	0
Study Market	08DEC03	12DEC03	19JAN04	23JAN04	30	0
Write Specs	08DEC03	12DEC03	15DEC03	19DEC03	5	5
Prototype	22DEC03	09JAN04	22DEC03	09JAN04	0	0
Mkt. Strat.	15DEC03	26DEC03	26JAN04	06FEB04	30	30
Materials	12JAN04	23JAN04	12JAN04	23JAN04	0	0
Facility	12JAN04	23JAN04	12JAN04	23JAN04	0	0
Init. Prod.	26JAN04	06FEB04	26JAN04	06FEB04	0	0
Evaluate	09FEB04	20FEB04	16FEB04	27FEB04	5	5
Test Market	09FEB04	27FEB04	09FEB04	27FEB04	0	0
Changes	01MAR04	05MAR04	01MAR04	05MAR04	0	0
Production	08MAR04	08MAR04	08MAR04	08MAR04	0	0
Marketing	09FEB04	09FEB04	08MAR04	08MAR04	20	20

To display the weekday schedule on a calendar, use the WEEKDAY option in the PROC CALENDAR statement. The following code sorts the Schedule data set by the E_START variable and produces a calendar shown in Output 4.6.2, which displays the schedule of activities for the month of December.

proc sort;
   by e_start;
   run;

/* truncate schedule: print only for december */
data december;
   set save;
   e_finish = min('31dec03'd, e_finish);
   if e_start <= '31dec03'd;
   run;

title3 'Calendar of Schedule';
options nodate pageno=1 ps=50;
proc calendar data=december schedule weekdays;
   id e_start;
   finish e_finish;
   var task;
   run;

Output 4.6.2: Changing Duration Units: WEEKDAY Calendar for December

Changing Duration Units

INTERVAL=WEEKDAY

Calendar of Schedule

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  |                                                                          |  
  |                              December  2003                              |  
  |                                                                          |  
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------|  
  |    Monday    |   Tuesday    |  Wednesday   |   Thursday   |    Friday    |  
  |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|  
  |       1      |       2      |       3      |       4      |       5      |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |+==============================Approve Plan==============================+|  
  |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|  
  |       8      |       9      |      10      |      11      |      12      |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |+==============================Write Specs===============================+|  
  |+==============================Study Market==============================+|  
  |+================================Drawings================================>|  
  |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|  
  |      15      |      16      |      17      |      18      |      19      |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |+==============================Mkt. Strat.===============================>|  
  |<================================Drawings================================+|  
  |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|  
  |      22      |      23      |      24      |      25      |      26      |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |+===============================Prototype================================>|  
  |<==============================Mkt. Strat.===============================+|  
  |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------|  
  |      29      |      30      |      31      |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |              |              |              |              |              |  
  |<================Prototype=================+|              |              |  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The durations of the activities in the project are multiples of 5. Thus, if work is done only on weekdays, all activities in the project last 0, 1, 2, or 3 weeks. The INTERVAL= option can also be used to set the units of duration to hours, minutes, seconds, years, months, quarters, or weeks. In this example, the data set WIDGWK is created from WIDGET to set the durations in weeks. PROC CPM is then invoked with INTERVAL=WEEK, and the resulting schedule is displayed in Output 4.6.3. Note that the float values are also expressed in units of weeks.

data widgwk;
   set widget;
   weeks = days / 5;
   run;

proc cpm data=widgwk date='1dec03'd interval=week;
   activity  task;
   successor succ1 succ2 succ3;
   duration  weeks;
   id task;
   run;

title2 'INTERVAL=WEEK';
proc print;
   id task;
   var e_: l_: t_float f_float;
   run;

Output 4.6.3: Changing Duration Units: INTERVAL=WEEK

Changing Duration Units

INTERVAL=WEEK

task	E_START	E_FINISH	L_START	L_FINISH	T_FLOAT	F_FLOAT
Approve Plan	01DEC03	07DEC03	01DEC03	07DEC03	0	0
Drawings	08DEC03	21DEC03	08DEC03	21DEC03	0	0
Study Market	08DEC03	14DEC03	19JAN04	25JAN04	6	0
Write Specs	08DEC03	14DEC03	15DEC03	21DEC03	1	1
Prototype	22DEC03	11JAN04	22DEC03	11JAN04	0	0
Mkt. Strat.	15DEC03	28DEC03	26JAN04	08FEB04	6	6
Materials	12JAN04	25JAN04	12JAN04	25JAN04	0	0
Facility	12JAN04	25JAN04	12JAN04	25JAN04	0	0
Init. Prod.	26JAN04	08FEB04	26JAN04	08FEB04	0	0
Evaluate	09FEB04	22FEB04	16FEB04	29FEB04	1	1
Test Market	09FEB04	29FEB04	09FEB04	29FEB04	0	0
Changes	01MAR04	07MAR04	01MAR04	07MAR04	0	0
Production	08MAR04	08MAR04	08MAR04	08MAR04	0	0
Marketing	09FEB04	09FEB04	08MAR04	08MAR04	4	4