Example Program and Statement Details

Overview

The LAYOUT OVERLAY statement provides the XAXISOPTS=, YAXISOPTS=, X2AXISOPTS=, Y2AXISOPTS= options that enable you to manage the axis display separately for the X, Y, X2, and Y2 axes. The following example template uses the YAXISOPTS= option to manage the grid lines, tick marks, and tick values on a Y axis:
begingraph;
  layout overlay /
    yaxisopts=(
      griddisplay=on
      display=(ticks tickvalues)
    );
    seriesplot x=month y=predict;
  endlayout;
endgraph;
Within an OVERLAY layout block, each plot axis is always of a particular type. In the default cases, the axis type is always DISCRETE, LINEAR, or TIME. The TYPE= option enables you to specify an axis type that overrides the default. For example, when appropriate for the data, you can request a LOG axis. When you override the default axis type, you must be sure to specify the correct axis type for the plot(s) that you are defining.
Each axis type has features specific to that type, and the following axis options enable you to specify features for the different types: DISCRETEOPTS=, LINEAROPTS=, LOGOPTS= , and TIMEOPTS= . One or more of these options can be specified for an axis, but the specified settings are applied only to the axis type that supports them.
Unless otherwise indicated in an option description, each axis option is available for the X, Y, X2, and Y2 axis.
Interaction. The OVERLAY’s axis options are ignored when the LAYOUT OVERLAY statement is nested within another layout type that has external axes in effect. For example, the axis options are ignored when the OVERLAY is nested in a LAYOUT LATTICE with a COLUMNAXIS= or ROWAXIS= option in effect.

General Options for All Axes in an Overlay

The options that are documented in this section can be used with any of the axis types that are supported within an OVERLAY layout. Subsequent sections in the chapter document the axis options that are available only for specific axis types: discrete, linear, log, or time axes.
Statement Option
Description
Specifies options for a discrete axis.
Controls which axis features are displayed on the primary axis.
Controls which axis features are displayed on the secondary axis.
Specifies the attributes of the grid lines.
Specifies whether axis grid lines are displayed.
Specifies the axis label.
Specifies the color and font attributes of the axis label.
Specifies features for a standard numeric interval axis.
Specifies features for a log axis.
Assigns a name to an axis for reference in other statements.
Reserves an area at the maximum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area.
Reserves an area at the minimum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area.
Specifies whether the tick values should appear in the reverse order.
Specifies an alternate axis label to use if the default or specified axis label is too long for the axis length.
Specifies the placement of tick marks in relation to the axis line.
Specifies the color and font attributes of the axis tick values.
Specifies features for a TIME axis.
Specifies the type of axis to use.
DISCRETEOPTS=(discrete-axis-options )
specifies one or more options for a discrete axis. See Options for Discrete Axes.
DISPLAY=STANDARD | ALL | NONE | (display-options )
controls which axis features are displayed on the primary axis.
Default: STANDARD
STANDARD
specifies that the LABEL, LINE, TICKS, and TICKVALUES are displayed
ALL
specifies that LABEL, LINE, TICKS, and TICKVALUES are displayed
NONE
specifies that no axis features are displayed
(display-options)
a list of space-delimited options enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more of the following:
LABEL displays the axis label
LINE displays the axis line
TICKS displays the tick marks
TICKVALUES displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks
The default line attributes for the axis line and axis tick marks are defined in the GraphAxisLine style element.
See GRIDDISPLAY= and GRIDATTRS= for setting axis grid lines.
DISPLAYSECONDARY=NONE | ALL | STANDARD | (display-options )
controls which axis features are displayed on the secondary axis.
Default: NONE
NONE
specifies that no axis features are displayed
STANDARD
specifies that the LABEL, LINE, TICKS, and TICKVALUES are displayed on the secondary axis
ALL
specifies that LABEL, LINE, TICKS, and TICKVALUES are displayed on the secondary axis
(display-options)
a list of space-delimited options enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more of the following:
LABEL displays the axis label
LINE displays the axis line
TICKS displays the tick marks
TICKVALUES displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks
Interaction: A secondary axis is not an independent axis. Rather, it mirrors the primary axis. Thus, for this option to take effect, all plot statements in the layout must map data to the same primary axis. For example, a secondary X2 axis can be displayed on top in the layout, provided all plot statements set XAXIS=X to map data to the primary X axis (bottom). Similarly, a secondary Y2 axis can be displayed to the right in the layout, provided all plot statements set YAXIS=Y to map data to the primary Y axis (left). If some plot statements set XAXIS=X and others set XAXIS=X2, both the X and X2 axis are primary and a secondary X axis cannot be displayed. In that case, this option is ignored. The same applies for the Y axes.
GRIDATTRS=style-element | style-element (line-options) | (line-options)
specifies the attributes of the grid lines. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Line Options for available line-options.
Default: The GraphGridLines style element.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the GRIDDISPLAY= option does not display the grid lines.
GRIDDISPLAY=AUTO_OFF | AUTO_ON | ON | OFF
specifies whether axis grid lines are displayed.
Default: AUTO_OFF
AUTO_OFF
specifies that grid lines are not displayed unless the GraphGridLines element in the current style contains DisplayOpts="ON."
AUTO_ON
specifies that grid lines are displayed unless the GraphGridLines element in the current style contains DisplayOpts="OFF."
ON
specifies that grid lines are always displayed. The current style has no override.
OFF
specifies that grid lines are never displayed. The current style has no override.
This option enables the template to absolutely control the display of grid lines or to allow interaction with the current style to decide whether grid lines are displayed.
Supplied styles use DisplayOpts="AUTO," which means that the style has no “preference” about grid lines and the graphics template setting for grid lines is always used.
Discussion: The following table shows the end results for various combinations of the GRIDDISPLAY= option and the DisplayOpts= attribute of the GraphGridLines style element. Most supplied templates use the default setting AUTO_OFF to indicate a preference for not displaying grid lines, but allowing the style to override.
GRIDDISPLAY= option
DisplayOpts= style attribute
Grid Lines Shown?
AUTO_OFF
AUTO
no
AUTO_OFF
ON
yes
AUTO_OFF
OFF
no
AUTO_ON
AUTO
yes
AUTO_ON
ON
yes
AUTO_ON
OFF
no
ON
any value
yes
OFF
any value
no
LABEL="string" | ("string" …"string" )
specifies the axis label. The string can be either a string literal or a dynamic. The list form implies that all included string literals or dynamics will be concatenated.
Default: The default label is derived from the primary plot in the layout. For more information, see When Plots Share Data and a Common Axis.
Interaction: If the axis label is too long to fit along the axis, it is truncated by default. Use the SHORTLABEL= option to specify an alternate axis label to be used whenever truncation would normally occur.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display the axis label.
LABELATTRS=style-element | style-element (text-options) | (text-options)
specifies the color and font attributes of the axis label. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Text Options for available text-options.
Default: The GraphLabelText style element.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display the axis label.
LINEAROPTS=(linear-axis-options)
specifies one or more linear axis options for a numeric interval axis. See Options for Linear Axes Only.
LOGOPTS=(log-axis-options)
specifies one or more options for a log axis. See Options for Log Axes Only.
NAME="string"
assigns a name to an axis for reference in other statements. Currently, it is used only in an AXISLEGEND statement.
Default: no default
Interaction: This option is ignored unless the axis is discrete. The axis can be discrete by default, or explicitly set to discrete with a TYPE=DISCRETE setting.
Interaction: For this option to take effect, an axis legend must be enabled. To enable an axis legend, the DISCRETEOPTS= option must set the TICKVALUEFITPOLICY to either EXTRACT or EXTRACTALWAYS. In addition, an AXISLEGEND statement must be specified to generate the axis legend.
OFFSETMAX=AUTO | AUTOCOMPRESS | number
reserves an area at the maximum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Offsets.
Default: AUTO
Range: 0 - 1. The sum of OFFSETMAX= and OFFSETMIN= should not be more than 1.
AUTO
Reserves just enough area to fully display markers and other graphical features near the maximum end of an axis.
AUTOCOMPRESS
Automatic offset applied that prevents axis labels and tick values from extending beyond the axis length.
number
The offset is expressed as a decimal proportion of the full axis length.
OFFSETMIN=AUTO | AUTOCOMPRESS | number
reserves an area at the minimum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Offsets.
Default: AUTO
Range: 0 - 1. The sum of OFFSETMAX= and OFFSETMIN= should not be more than 1.
AUTO
Reserves just enough area to fully display markers and other graphical features near the maximum end of an axis.
AUTOCOMPRESS
Automatic offset applied that prevents axis labels and tick values from extending beyond the axis length.
number
The offset is expressed as a decimal proportion of the full axis length.
REVERSE=boolean
specifies whether tick values should appear in the reverse order.
Default: FALSE
SHORTLABEL="string"
specifies an alternate axis label. This label is used when the default axis label or label specified by the LABEL= option is too long for the axis length.
Default: no default
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display the axis label.
If the specified label is itself too long for the axis, it is truncated in the display.
TICKSTYLE=OUTSIDE | INSIDE | ACROSS
specifies the placement of tick marks in relation to the axis line. The figure shows the tick display on an X axis.
placement of ticks with each setting
Default: The GraphAxisLines:TickDisplay style reference.
OUTSIDE
displays tick marks outside of the axis frame.
INSIDE
displays tick marks inside of the axis frame.
ACROSS
displays tick marks across the axis line.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks.
This option has no affect on the placement of the tick values, which are always outside the axis frame.
This option applies to both major ticks and minor ticks.
TICKVALUEATTRS=style-element | style-element (text-options) | (text-options)
specifies the color and font attributes of the axis tick values. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Text Options for available text-options.
Default: The GraphValueText style element.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick values.
TIMEOPTS=(time-axis-options)
specifies one or more options for a time axis. See Options for Time Axes Only.
TYPE=AUTO | DISCRETE | LINEAR | TIME | LOG
specifies the type of axis to use.
Default: AUTO
AUTO
Requests that the axis type be automatically determined, based on the overlay contents. For more information, see When Plots Share Data and a Common Axis.
DISCRETE
Use a DISCRETE axis if possible. The data for discrete axes can be character or numeric. You can add a DISCRETEOPTS=( ) option list to customize this axis type.
LINEAR
Use a LINEAR axis if possible. You can add a LINEAROPTS=( ) option list to customize this axis type.
TIME
Use a TIME axis if possible. Data for this axis must be SAS time, SAS date, or SAS datetime values. You can add a TIMEOPTS= ( ) option list to customize this axis type.
LOG
Use a LOG axis if possible. You can add a LOGOPTS= ( ) option list to customize this axis type.
Interaction: If this option is set to anything other than AUTO, plots within the layout are dropped from the display if their data types or data ranges do not match the axis type requirements. For more information, see Plot Axis Types Must Agree on Common Axes.
Interaction: After the axis type is determined (whether you set a specific type or AUTO is in effect), only options supported by that axis type can be used. For example, if TYPE=TIME, only the general OVERLAY axis options and those available on TIMEOPTS= are supported.

Options for Discrete Axes

DISCRETEOPTS=(discrete-axis-options)
specifies one or more options for a discrete axis. Options must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the axis type is not DISCRETE.
Discrete Axis Options
Description
Specifies the display of alternating wall-color bands corresponding to the discrete axis bins
Specifies the appearance of the alternating wall-color bands
Specifies the position of the axis tick mark.
Specifies a policy for avoiding tick value collision on an X or X2 axis
COLORBANDS= NONE | EVEN | ODD
[discrete axis]
specifies the display of alternating wall-color bands corresponding to the discrete axis bins.
Default: NONE
Interaction: Specifying this option for more than one axis in the layout might have unexpected results. The order in which color bands are drawn might not match the order in which the axis options are specified.
Tip: Borders for the color bands can be added by setting TICKTYPE=INBETWEEN in the DISCRETEOPTS= option, and by setting GRIDDISPLAY=ON.
Tip: Because alternating color bands are drawn on top of the plot wall, this option can be coordinated with the LAYOUT OVERLAY statement’s WALLCOLOR= option.
COLORBANDSATTRS=style-element | style-element (fill-options) | (fill-options)
[discrete axis]
specifies the appearance of the alternating wall-color bands. For the alternating colors, one set uses the WALLCOLOR= colors that are set in the LAYOUT OVERLAY statement, and the other set uses the colors set on this option. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Fill Options for available fill-options.
Default: The GraphBlock style element.
TICKTYPE= MIDPOINT | INBETWEEN
[discrete axis]
specifies the position of the axis tick mark.
Default: MIDPOINT
MIDPOINT The tick mark is placed at the midpoint value location.
INBETWEEN The tick mark is placed half way between adjacent midpoint locations.
TICKVALUEFITPOLICY=policy
[discrete axis]
specifies a policy for avoiding tick value collision on an axis.
Note: A Y or Y2 axis supports only the values NONE | THIN | EXTRACT | EXTRACTALWAYS
Default:
  • ROTATE for an X or X2 axis
  • NONE for a Y or Y2 axis
The collision-avoidance policy that is most effective depends on the number of tick values, their length, and the length of the axis. The policy can be one of the following:
ROTATE Tick values are rotated 45 degrees. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
NONE Do not attempt to fit ticks that collide.
ROTATETHIN Attempt ROTATE policy and then THIN policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGER Tick values alternate between two rows. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGERROTATE Attempt STAGGER policy and then ROTATE policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGERTHIN Attempt STAGGER policy and then THIN policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGERTRUNCATE Attempt STAGGER policy and then TRUNCATE policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
TRUNCATE Tick values are shortened when they exceed a certain number of characters. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
TRUNCATEROTATE Attempt TRUNCATE policy and then ROTATE policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
TRUNCATESTAGGER Attempt TRUNCATE policy and then STAGGER policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
TRUNCATETHIN Attempt TRUNCATE policy and then THIN policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
THIN Some tick values are removed.
EXTRACT Instead of actual tick values, display consecutive integers along the axis to represent those tick values. (See the Requirement for additional information.) In most cases, this policy is implemented if the system estimates that a collision might occur. If no collision occurs, the actual tick values are displayed on the axis in the normal manner.
EXTRACTALWAYS Same as EXTRACT, except that the extraction is implemented regardless of whether collision occurs.
Requirement: The EXTRACT and EXTRACTALWAYS policies must be used in conjunction with an AXISLEGEND statement. The AXISLEGEND statement creates a legend that correlates the actual tick values with the consecutive integers that are displayed as axis-tick values in the graph. The AXISLEGEND statement must reference this axis, using the name that is assigned to the axis in its NAME= axis option.

Options for Linear Axes Only

LINEAROPTS=(linear-axis-options)
specifies one or more linear axis options for a numeric interval axis. Options must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the axis type is not LINEAR.
Linear Axis Option
Description
Specifies that evenly spaced integer values are used for tick marks.
Specifies that the axis perpendicular to the current axis be drawn at the indicated data value.
Specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis.
Specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis.
Specifies a policy for avoiding tick value collision. Only the default policy (THIN) is available for a Y or Y2 axis.
Specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.
Specifies the order of the tick values for a linear axis as list.
Specifies whether an axis tick specification can extend the axis data range.
Specifies the tick values for a linear axis by start, end, and increment.
Specifies the maximum data value to include in the display.
Specifies the minimum data value to include in the display.
INTEGER=boolean
[linear axis]
specifies that evenly spaced integer values are used for tick marks.
Default: FALSE
Interaction: This option is overridden by the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option.
Interaction: This option overrides the MAXDECIMALS= and PREFERREDDECIMALS= suboptions of the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option
ORIGIN=number
[linear axis]
specifies that the axis perpendicular to the current axis be drawn at the indicated data value.
Default: The axis perpendicular to the current axis is drawn at the minimum tick value minus the OFFSETMIN= value.
Interaction: If the specified value is outside the data range for the current axis, the data range is extended to include the value.
The axis line, ticks, and tick values of the “perpendicular” axis move to the location indicated by the origin. The axis label is not moved.
This option is often used to create Cartesian axes (axes centered at ORIGIN=0).
Discussion: For managing origin settings, the GTL treats the X and Y axes as a pair, and the X2 and Y2 axes as a separate pair. Thus, if you set the Y-axis origin to 200, the X axis is drawn from that origin point. If the graph also displays an X2 axis, it is unaffected and does not move. Similarly, if you set an origin for the Y2 axis, the X2 axis moves to that origin point and the X axis is unaffected.
If you set an origin for the Y2 axis and there is no X2 axis, then the origin setting for Y2 does not affect the graph display. That is, the X axis does not move to that origin point.
If you set an origin for an axis and the axis has a tick value at that origin value, the tick value is not displayed. Suppressing the tick value at the origin prevents the value from colliding with the axis value on the "perpendicular" axis. However, it is possible that the tick values on the orthogonal axes will collide.
THRESHOLDMAX= number
[linear axis]
specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.
Default: .30
Range: 0 - 1
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option is used.
THRESHOLDMIN= number
[linear axis]
specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.
Default: .30
Range: 0 - 1
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option is used.
TICKVALUEFITPOLICY=THIN | policy
[linear axis]
specifies a policy for avoiding tick value collision. Only the default setting (THIN) is available for a Y or Y2 axis.
Default: THIN
The collision-avoidance policy that is most effective depends on the number of tick values, their length, and the length of the axis. For an X or X2 axis, the policy can be one of the following:
THIN
Eliminate alternate tick values.
ROTATE
Tick values are rotated 45 degrees. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
ROTATETHIN
Attempt ROTATE policy and then THIN policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGER
Tick values alternate between two rows. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGERROTATE
Attempt STAGGER policy and then ROTATE policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
STAGGERTHIN
Attempt STAGGER policy and then THIN policy. This value is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
TICKVALUEFORMAT=(format-options ) | DATA | format
[linear axis]
specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.
Default: (MAXWIDTH=8, MAXDECIMALS=6, PREFERREDDECIMALS=2, EXTRACTSCALE=FALSE)
(format-options)
specifies one or more major tick value formatting options. Together, these options provide parameters for determining an optimal format (w.d, Ew., BESTw.) for displaying major tick values.
MAXWIDTH = integer Specifies the maximum width for displayed tick values. Values might be rounded or converted to E notation to fit into this width.
MAXDECIMALS = integer Specifies the maximum number of decimals for displayed tick values. Values might be rounded or converted to E notation to fit into this width. MAXWIDTH > MAXDECIMALS
PREFERREDDECIMALS = integer Specifies the number of decimal places desired for most values. The actual number might vary based on other constraints.
EXTRACTSCALE = boolean Specifies whether to extract a scale factor from the tick values and use it to reduce the tick value width. For large tick values, the scale factor is set to ensure that the absolute value of the largest value is greater than 1. The scale can be millions, billions, or trillions for values of 999 trillion or less, or a multiple of 10 (denoted as 10^n) for values over 999 trillion. For small fractional tick values, the scale factor is set to ensure that the absolute value of the smallest value is greater than 1. The scale can be millionth, billionth, or trillionth for values of 1 trillionth or more, or a multiple of 1/10 (10^–n) for values less than 1 trillionth. The scale used is appended to the axis label. For example: Total Sales (millions).
Restriction: The scale that is extracted by the EXTRACTSCALE= option is derived from the English locale.
Note: When EXTRACTSCALE=TRUE and a scale is extracted, the tick values are formatted to provide the best fit on the axis. In that case, the tick value format might differ from the data format even when a named format is applied to the data values.
DATA
use the format that has been assigned to the variable contributing to the axis (or BEST6. if no format is assigned) to control the formatting of the major tick values.
format
specifies a format to apply to the major tick values.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details, see SAS Formats Not Supported.
Interaction: If the axis label is not displayed, the EXTRACTSCALE=TRUE option is ignored.
TICKVALUELIST=(numeric-list )
[linear axis]
specifies the tick values for a linear axis as list.
Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick marks based on the actual axis data range or the data range established by the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options. By default when this option is used, the only tick values that appear are the tick values in numeric-list that fall within the explicit data range (set by VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX=) or implicit data range (set by the actual data minimum and data maximum).
Requirement: The numeric-list must be enclosed in parentheses and each item separated by a blank.
Interaction: This option overrides the INTEGER= option.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option is specified, or if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick values.
Interaction: The VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options alter the axis data range. If the VIEWMIN= option is set to the minimum tick list value and the VIEWMAX= option is set to the maximum tick list value, all ticks in the tick list are displayed.
Interaction: If the TICKVALUEPRIORITY= is set to TRUE, 1) the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options are ignored if they are fully enclosed by the numeric-list 2) the tick numeric-list can extend the implicit data range of the axis, but never reduce it.
The values in the list are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option.
TICKVALUEPRIORITY=boolean
[linear axis]
specifies whether an axis tick specification (TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE=) can extend the axis data range.
Default: FALSE
FALSE
the only tick values that appear are the user-specified tick values that fall within the explicit data range (set by VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= ) or implicit data range (set by the actual data minimum and data maximum).
TRUE
the axis data range can be extended (but not reduced) to include the minimum and maximum specified by either the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option. If minimum and maximum of the user-specified values are within the data range, this option has no effect.
Interaction: When this option is set to TRUE, the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options are ignored.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks.
TICKVALUESEQUENCE=(sequence-options )
[linear axis]
specifies the tick values for a linear axis by start, end, and increment.
Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick marks based on the actual axis data range or the data range established by the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options. By default when this option is used, the only tick values that appear are those that fall within the explicit data range (set by VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX=) or implicit data range (set by the actual data minimum and data maximum).
(sequence-options)
Three settings that control major tick values. All three options must be provided.
START = number Specifies the value for the first tick mark.
END = number Specifies the value for the last tick mark.
INCREMENT = number Specifies the increment for intermediate tick marks between the first and last tick marks. The END value always controls the last tick mark. The interval between the last tick mark and the previous tick mark might not necessarily be the INCREMENT value.
Interaction: This option overrides the INTEGER= option.
Interaction: The VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options alter the axis data range. If the VIEWMIN= option is set to the START= option value and the VIEWMAX= option is set to the END= option value, all ticks in the tick sequence are displayed.
Interaction: If the TICKVALUEPRIORITY= option is set to TRUE, the tick sequence might extend the explicit data range of the axis, but never reduce it.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks.
The values in the sequence are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option.
See also: TICKVALUELIST= option as an alternative for customizing tick marks.
VIEWMAX= number
[linear axis]
specifies the maximum data value to include in the display (the value might be adjusted by the threshold calculation). For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Default: The maximum value in the data for the specified axis.
Interaction: This option does not determine the maximum axis tick value displayed. The THRESHOLDMAX= value is used to determine the maximum tick value.
Interaction: This option has no effect if the TICKVALUEPRIORITY= is set to TRUE.
Setting a VIEWMAX= or VIEWMIN= value does not alter the original data or any calculations on it.
VIEWMIN= number
[linear axis]
specifies the minimum data value to include in the display (the value might be adjusted by the threshold calculation). For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Default: The minimum value in the data for the specified axis.
Interaction: This option does not determine the minimum axis tick value displayed. The THRESHOLDMIN= value is used to determine the maximum tick value.
Interaction: This option has no effect if the TICKVALUEPRIORITY= is set to TRUE.
Setting a VIEWMAX= or VIEWMIN= value does not alter the original data or any calculations on it.

Options for Log Axes Only

LOGOPTS=(log-axis-options )
specifies one or more options for a log axis. Options must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the axis type is not LOG.
Log Axis Option
Description
Specifies the base of the logarithmic scale for the axis values.
Specifies whether minor ticks are displayed.
Specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis.
Specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis.
Specifies how to scale and format the values for major tick marks.
Specifies the maximum data value to include in the display.
Specifies the minimum data value to include in the display.
BASE=10 | 2 | E
[log axis]
specifies the base of the logarithmic scale for the axis values.
Default: 10
MINORTICKS=boolean
[log axis]
specifies whether minor ticks are displayed:
illustration of minor ticks
Default: FALSE
Restriction: Minor ticks can be displayed only when BASE=10 and TICKINTERVALSTYLE= is LOGEXPAND or LOGEXPONENT.
If this option is set to TRUE, the number of minor ticks is automatically determined.
THRESHOLDMAX= number
[log axis]
specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.
Default: .30
Range: 0 - 1
THRESHOLDMIN= number
[log axis]
specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.
Default: .30
Range: 0 - 1
TICKINTERVALSTYLE=AUTO | LOGEXPAND | LOGEXPONENT | LINEAR
[log axis]
specifies how to scale and format the values for major tick marks.
Default: AUTO
AUTO
A LOGEXPAND, LOGEXPONENT, or LINEAR representation is chosen automatically based on the range of the data. When the data range is small (within an order of magnitude), a LINEAR representation is typically used. Data ranges that encompass several orders of magnitude typically use the LOGEXPAND or LOGEXPONENT representation.
LOGEXPAND
Major ticks are placed at uniform intervals at integer powers of the base. The tick values are expanded as follows:
major ticks in base 10Base=10
major ticks in base 2 Base=2
major ticks in base e Base=E
LOGEXPONENT
Major ticks are placed at uniform intervals at integer powers of the base. The tick values are only the integer exponents for all bases.
major ticks are integer exponents for the base
LINEAR
Major tick marks are placed at non-uniform intervals that cover the range of the data.
major ticks in linear format
Restriction: For LOGEXPONENT, formats on data columns contributing to the axis are ignored. For LOGEXPAND, formats on data columns contributing to the axis are ignored, although any "named format" on the column is retained. For LINEAR, ticks values are automatically formatted when the column format is not assigned or one of w.d, Ew. or BESTw. Other formats (SAS defined or user-defined) are used if specified.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details, see SAS Formats Not Supported.
Interaction: When BASE=10 and LOGEXPAND or LOGEXPONENT is used, an intermediate tick is added whenever the axis data range is less than or equal to 1.5 powers of 10.
If you use TICKINTERVALSTYLE=LOGEXPONENT, you might want to include information in the axis label about which base is used.
VIEWMAX= number
[log axis]
specifies the maximum data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Default: The maximum value in the data for the specified axis.
Setting a VIEWMAX= or VIEWMIN= value does not alter the original data or any calculations on it.
VIEWMIN= number
[log axis]
specifies the minimum data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Default: The minimum value in the data for the specified axis.
Setting a VIEWMAX= or VIEWMIN= value does not alter the original data or any calculations on it.

Options for Time Axes Only

TIMEOPTS=(time-axis-options)
specifies one or more options for a time axis.
Variables associated with a time axis must be in SAS time, SAS date, or SAS datetime units and have an associated SAS time, date, or datetime format.
Options must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the axis type is not TIME.
Time Axis Option
Description
Specifies the time interval between major tick marks.
Specifies whether minor ticks are displayed.
Specifies whether to split the tick values on an X or X2 axis, if possible. This option is not available on a Y or Y2 axis.
Specifies a policy for avoiding tick value collision on an X or X2 axis. This option is not available on a Y or Y2 axis.
Specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.
Specifies the order of the tick values for a time axis as list.
Specifies whether an axis tick specification can extend the axis data range.
Specifies the maximum data value to include in the display.
Specifies the minimum data value to include in the display.
INTERVAL=interval
[time axis]
specifies the time interval between major ticks. Valid interval keywords are AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, TENDAY, WEEK, SEMIMONTH, MONTH, QUARTER, SEMIYEAR, YEAR.
The data column(s) mapped to a time axis must be in the same duration units: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME. The selection of an interval must be consistent with the duration unit. For example, if the data are in time units, you can select only AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR.
Default: AUTO. An appropriate interval is chosen based on the data and the column date/datetime/time format.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= option is used.
INTERVAL
Unit
Tick interval
Default tick value format
AUTO
DATE, TIME, or DATETIME
automatically chosen
automatically chosen
SECOND
TIME or DATETIME
second
TIME8.
MINUTE
TIME or DATETIME
minute
TIME8.
HOUR
TIME or DATETIME
hour
TIME8.
DAY
DATE or DATETIME
day
DATE9.
TENDAY
DATE or DATETIME
10 days
DATE9.
WEEK
DATE or DATETIME
7 days
DATE9.
SEMIMONTH
DATE or DATETIME
1st and 16th of each month
DATE9.
MONTH
DATE or DATETIME
month
MONYY7.
QUARTER
DATE or DATETIME
3 months
YYQC6.
SEMIYEAR
DATE or DATETIME
6 months
MONYY7.
YEAR
DATE or DATETIME
year
YEAR4.
MINORTICKS=boolean
[time axis]
specifies whether minor ticks are displayed.
Default: FALSE
Interaction: The number of minor ticks is dependent on the value of the INTERVAL= option.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks, or if the TICKVALUELIST= option is used.
SPLITTICKVALUE=boolean
[time axis]
specifies whether to split the tick values on an X or X2 axis, if possible. This option is not available for a Y or Y2 axis. For example, with INTERVAL= MONTH, this is how tick values are split:
axis with split tick values
Default: TRUE
TRUE
axis tick values are split into two lines allowing more tick values to appear
FALSE
typically, fewer tick values fit, causing thinning, rotation, or staggering of the values. See the TICKVALUEFITPOLICY= option.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUEFORMAT= option is used.
TICKVALUEFITPOLICY=THIN | policy
[time axis]
specifies a policy for avoiding tick value collision on an X or X2 axis. This option is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
Default: THIN
The collision-avoidance policy that is most effective depends on the number of tick values, their length, and the length of the axis. For an X or X2 axis, the policy can be one of the following:
THIN Some tick values are removed.
ROTATE Tick values are rotated 45 degrees.
ROTATETHIN Attempt ROTATE policy and then THIN policy.
STAGGER Tick values alternate between two rows.
STAGGERROTATE Attempt STAGGER policy and then ROTATE policy.
STAGGERTHIN Attempt STAGGER policy and then THIN policy.
Interaction: When SPLITTICKVALUE= TRUE, this option is ignored and only the THIN policy is used.
TICKVALUEFORMAT=format | DATA
[time axis]
specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.
Default: The default format used by the INTERVAL= option. The default does not apply if TICKVALUELIST= is specified.
format
A SAS date, time, or datetime format to control how the major tick values are displayed. This format must be in the same duration units as the data column(s) mapped to a time axis: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME and should be appropriate for the value of the INTERVAL= option. For example, if INTERVAL=MONTH and there are two years of data displayed on the axis, choosing TICKVALUEFORMAT=YEAR. would result in several ticks having the same year value.
DATA
Specifies that the SAS date, time, or datetime format associated with the data column assigned to the axis be used to control how the major tick values are displayed.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details, see SAS Formats Not Supported.
Interaction: If this option is specified, the SPLITTICKVALUE= option is ignored.
TICKVALUELIST=(time-constant-list | date-constant-list | datetime-constant-list | numeric-list )
[time axis]
specifies the tick values for a time axis as list.
Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick values.
Requirement: The list must be enclosed in parentheses and each item separated by a blank. The items in the list must be in the same duration units as the data mapped to the axis: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME. The values can be expressed as SAS TIME, DATE, or DATETIME constants (for example, "13:23"T, "11MAY06"D, or "11MAY06:13:23"DT) or their numeric equivalents.
Restriction: If TICKVALUEPRIORITY= is set to FALSE, this option does not extend the data range of the axis. If the values fall within the default data range or that specified by the VIEWMIN= or VIEWMAX= options, they are used.
The values in the list are formatted according to the format specified on the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option. If TICKVALUEFORMAT= is not used, the values are formatted according to the column format (the default TICKVALUEFORMAT value is not applied to these values).
Interaction: If this option is specified, the SPLITTICKVALUE= and INTERVAL= options are ignored.
TICKVALUEPRIORITY=boolean
[time axis]
specifies whether an axis tick specification (TICKVALUELIST=) can extend the axis data range.
Default: FALSE
FALSE
the only tick values that appear are the user-specified tick values that fall within the explicit data range (set by VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= ) or implicit data range (set by the actual data minimum and data maximum).
TRUE
the axis data range might be extended (but not reduced) to include the minimum and maximum specified by the TICKVALUELIST= option. If minimum and maximum of the user-specified values are within the data range, this option has no effect.
Interaction: When this option is set to TRUE, the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options are ignored.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks.
VIEWMAX= number
[time axis]
specifies the maximum data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Default: The maximum value in the data for the specified axis.
Setting a VIEWMAX= or VIEWMIN= value does not alter the original data or any calculations on it.
VIEWMIN= number
[time axis]
specifies the minimum data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Default: The minimum value in the data for the specified axis.
Setting a VIEWMAX= or VIEWMIN= value does not alter the original data or any calculations on it.