Example Program and Statement Details

Overview

The LAYOUT OVERLAY3D statement provides XAXISOPTS=, YAXISOPTS=, and ZAXISOPTS= options that enable you to manage the axis display separately for the X, Y, and Z axes. The following example template uses the YAXISOPTS= option to manage the display of grid lines, tick marks, and tick values on a Y axis:

begingraph;
  layout overlay3d /
    yaxisopts=(
      griddisplay=on
      display=(ticks tickvalues)
    );
    bihistogram3dparm x=rater y=customer z=percent;
  endlayout;
endgraph;

Within an OVERLAY3D layout block, each plot axis is always either a linear or a time axis. The default axis-type setting is AUTO, which specifies that the axis type be automatically determined by the plot or the overlay contents. The TYPE= option enables you to explicitly specify either a LINEAR or a TIME axis type. When you override the default axis type, you must be sure to specify the correct axis type for the plot(s) that you are defining.

Each axis type has features specific to that type, and the axis options LINEAROPTS= and TIMEOPS= enable you to specify features for a linear or a time axis. You can combine one or more general axis options with the options for the specific axis type. However, specified settings are applied only to the axis type that supports them. For example, if you specify general axis options with time axis options and the generated graph produces a linear axis type, the time axis options are ignored.

Unless otherwise indicated in an option description, each axis option is available for the X, Y, and Z axis.

General Options for All Axes in an Overlay3D

The options that are documented in this section can be used with either axis type that is supported within an OVERLAY3D layout. Subsequent sections in the chapter document the axis options that are available only for the specific axis type: linear or time.

Statement Option	Description
DISPLAY	Controls which axis features are displayed.
GRIDATTRS	Specifies the attributes of the grid lines.
GRIDDISPLAY	Specifies whether axis grid lines are displayed.
LABEL	Specifies the axis label.
LABELATTRS	Specifies the color and font attributes of the axis label.
LINEAROPTS	Specifies options for a standard numeric interval axis.
OFFSETMAX	Reserves an area at the maximum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area.
OFFSETMIN	Reserves an area at the minimum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area.
TICKVALUEATTRS	Specifies the color and font attributes of the axis tick values.
TIMEOPTS	Specifies options for a TIME axis.
TYPE	Specifies the type of axis to use.

DISPLAY=STANDARD | ALL | NONE | (display-options)

controls which axis features are displayed.

Default: STANDARD

STANDARD

specifies that the LABEL, LINE, TICKS, and TICKVALUES are displayed

ALL

specifies that LABEL, LINE, TICKS, and TICKVALUES are displayed

NONE

specifies that no axis features are displayed

(display-options)

a list of space-delimited options, enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more of the following:

LABEL	displays the axis label
LINE	displays the axis line
TICKS	displays the tick marks
TICKVALUES	displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks

The default line attributes for the axis line and axis tick marks are defined in the GraphAxisLine style element.

See GRIDDISPLAY= and GRIDATTRS= for setting axis grid lines.

GRIDATTRS=style-element | style-element (line-options) | (line-options)

specifies the attributes of the grid lines. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Line Options for available line-options.

Default: The GraphGridLines style element.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the GRIDDISPLAY= option does not display the grid lines.

GRIDDISPLAY=AUTO_OFF | AUTO_ON | ON | OFF

specifies whether axis grid lines are displayed.

Default: AUTO_OFF

AUTO_OFF

specifies that grid lines are not displayed unless the GraphGridLines element in the current style contains DisplayOpts="ON."

AUTO_ON

specifies that grid lines are displayed unless the GraphGridLines element in the current style contains DisplayOpts="OFF."

specifies that grid lines are always displayed. The current style has no override.

OFF

specifies that grid lines are never displayed. The current style has no override.

This option enables the template to absolutely control the display of grid lines or to allow interaction with the current style to decide whether grid lines are displayed.

Supplied styles use DisplayOpts="AUTO," which means that the style has no "preference" about grid lines and the graphics template setting for grid lines is always used.

Discussion: The following table shows the end results for various combinations of the GRIDDISPLAY= option and the DisplayOpts= attribute of the GraphGridLines style element. Most supplied templates use the default setting AUTO_OFF to indicate a preference for not displaying grid lines, but allowing the style to override.

GRIDDISPLAY= option	DisplayOpts= style attribute	Grid Lines Shown?
AUTO_OFF	AUTO	no
AUTO_OFF	ON	yes
AUTO_OFF	OFF	no
AUTO_ON	AUTO	yes
AUTO_ON	ON	yes
AUTO_ON	OFF	no
ON	any value	yes
OFF	any value	no

LABEL="string" | ("string" …"string")

specifies the axis label. The string can be either a string literal or a dynamic. The list form implies that all included string literals or dynamics will be concatenated.

Default: The default label is derived from the primary plot in the layout. For more information, see When Plots Share Data and a Common Axis.

Interaction: If the axis label is too long to fit along the axis, it is truncated.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display the axis label.

LABELATTRS=style-element | style-element (text-options) | (text-options)

specifies the color and font attributes of the axis label. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Text Options for available text-options.

Default: The GraphLabelText style element.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display the axis label.

LINEAROPTS=(linear-axis-options)

specifies one or more linear axis options for a numeric interval axis. See Options for Linear Axes Only.

OFFSETMAX=AUTO | number

reserves an area at the maximum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Offsets.

Default: AUTO

Range: 0 - 1. The sum of OFFSETMAX= and OFFSETMIN= should not be more than 1.

AUTO

Reserves just enough area to fully display markers and other graphical features near the maximum end of an axis.

number

The offset is expressed as a decimal proportion of the full axis length. For a continuous axis, the offset follows the highest data value or highest tick value, whichever is greater.

OFFSETMIN=AUTO | number

reserves an area at the minimum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved area. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Offsets.

Default: AUTO

Range: 0 - 1. The sum of OFFSETMAX= and OFFSETMIN= should not be more than 1.

AUTO

Reserves just enough area to fully display markers and other graphical features near the minimum end of an axis.

number

The offset is expressed as a decimal proportion of the full axis length. For a continuous axis, the offset precedes the lowest data value or lowest tick value, whichever is less.

TICKVALUEATTRS=style-element | style-element (text-options) | (text-options)

specifies the color and font attributes of the axis tick values. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax on using a style-element and Text Options for available text-options.

Default: The GraphValueText style element.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick values.

TIMEOPTS=(time-axis-options)

specifies one or more options for a time axis. See Options for Time Axes Only.

TYPE=AUTO | LINEAR | TIME

specifies the type of axis to use.

Default: AUTO

AUTO

Requests that the axis type be automatically determined by the plot or the overlay contents.

LINEAR

Use a LINEAR axis if possible. You can add a LINEAROPTS= ( ) option list to customize this axis type.

TIME

Use a TIME axis if possible. Data for this axis must be SAS time, SAS date, or SAS datetime values. You can add a TIMEOPS= ( ) option list to customize this axis type.

Interaction: If this option is set to anything other than AUTO, plots within the layout are dropped from the display if their data types or data ranges do not match the axis type requirements. For more information, see Plot Axis Types Must Agree on Common Axes.

Interaction: After the axis type is determined (whether you set a specific type or AUTO is in effect), only options supported by that axis type can be used. For example, if TYPE=TIME, only the general OVERLAY3D axis options and those available on TIMEOPS= are supported.

Options for Linear Axes Only

LINEAROPTS=(linear-axis-options)

specifies one or more options for a numeric interval axis. Options must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the axis type is not LINEAR.

Linear Axis Option	Description
INTEGER	Specifies that evenly spaced integer values are used for tick marks.
THRESHOLDMAX	Specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis.
THRESHOLDMIN	Specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis.
TICKVALUEFORMAT	Specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.
TICKVALUELIST	Specifies the order of the tick values for a linear axis as list.
TICKVALUESEQUENCE	Specifies the tick values for a linear axis by start, end, and increment.

INTEGER=boolean

[linear axis]

specifies that evenly spaced integer values are used for tick marks.

Default: FALSE

Interaction: This option is overridden by the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option.

Interaction: This option overrides the MAXDECIMALS= and PREFERREDDECIMALS= suboptions of the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option

THRESHOLDMAX= number

[linear axis]

specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.

Default: .30

Range: 0 - 1

Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option is used.

THRESHOLDMIN= number

[linear axis]

specifies a bias for including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.

Default: .30

Range: 0 - 1

Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option is used.

TICKVALUEFORMAT=(format-options) | DATA | format

[linear axis]

specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.

Default: (MAXWIDTH=8, MAXDECIMALS=6, PREFERREDDECIMALS=2, EXTRACTSCALE=FALSE)

(format-options)

specifies one or more major tick value formatting options. Together, these options provide parameters for determining an optimal format (w.d, Ew., BESTw.) for displaying major tick values.

MAXWIDTH = integer	Specifies the maximum width for displayed tick values. Values might be rounded or converted to E notation to fit into this width.
MAXDECIMALS = integer	Specifies the maximum number of decimals for displayed tick values. Values might be rounded or converted to E notation to fit into this width. MAXWIDTH > MAXDECIMALS
PREFERREDDECIMALS = integer	Specifies the number of decimal places desired for most values. The actual number might vary based on other constraints.
EXTRACTSCALE = boolean	Specifies whether to extract a scale factor from the tick values and use it to reduce the tick value width. For large tick values, the scale factor is set to ensure that the absolute value of the largest value is greater than 1. The scale can be millions, billions, or trillions for values of 999 trillion or less, or a multiple of 10 (denoted as 10^n) for values over 999 trillion. For small fractional tick values, the scale factor is set to ensure that the absolute value of the smallest value is greater than 1. The scale can be millionth, billionth, or trillionth for values of 1 trillionth or more, or a multiple of 1/10 (10^–n) for values less than 1 trillionth. The scale used is appended to the axis label. For example: Total Sales (millions).

Restriction: The scale that is extracted by the EXTRACTSCALE= option is derived from the English locale.

Note: When EXTRACTSCALE=TRUE and a scale is extracted, the tick values are formatted to provide the best fit on the axis. In that case, the tick value format might differ from the data format even when a named format is applied to the data values.

DATA

use the format that has been assigned to the variable(s) contributing to the axis (or BEST6. if no format is assigned) to control the formatting of the major tick values.

format

use this format to control how the major tick values are formatted.

Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details, see SAS Formats Not Supported.

Interaction: If the axis label is not displayed, the EXTRACTSCALE=TRUE option is ignored.

TICKVALUELIST=(numeric-list)

[linear axis]

specifies the tick values for a linear axis as list.

Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick values.

Requirement: The numeric-list must be enclosed in parentheses and each item separated by a blank.

Interaction: This option overrides the INTEGER= option.

Interaction: The values in the list are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option.

See also: TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option as an alternative for customizing tick marks.

TICKVALUESEQUENCE=(sequence-options)

[linear axis]

specifies the tick values for a linear axis by start, end, and increment.

Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick marks.

(sequence-options)

Three options that control major tick values. All three options must be provided.

START = number	Specifies the value for the first tick mark.
END = number	Specifies the value for the last tick mark.
INCREMENT = number	Specifies the increment for intermediate tick marks between the first and last tick marks. The END value always controls the last tick mark. The interval between the last tick mark and the previous tick mark might not necessarily be the INCREMENT value.

Interaction: This option overrides the INTEGER= option.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks.

Interaction: The values in the sequence are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option.

See also: TICKVALUELIST= option as an alternative for customizing tick marks.

Options for Time Axes Only

TIMEOPTS=(time-axis-options)

specifies one or more options for a time axis.

Variables associated with a time axis must be in SAS time, SAS date, or SAS datetime units and have an associated SAS time, date, or datetime format.

Options must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the axis type is not TIME.

Time Axis Option	Description
INTERVAL	Specifies the time interval between major tick marks.
MINORTICKS	Specifies whether minor ticks are displayed.
TICKVALUEFORMAT	Specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.
TICKVALUELIST	Specifies the order of the tick values for a time axis as list.

INTERVAL=interval

[time axis]

specifies the time interval between major ticks. Valid interval keywords are AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, TENDAY, WEEK, SEMIMONTH, MONTH, QUARTER, SEMIYEAR, YEAR.

The data column(s) mapped to a time axis must be in the same duration units: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME. The selection of an interval must be consistent with the duration unit. For example, if the data are in time units, you can select only AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR.

Default: AUTO. An appropriate interval is chosen based on the data and the column date/datetime/time format.

Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= option is used.

INTERVAL	Unit	Tick interval	Default tick value format
AUTO	DATE, TIME, or DATETIME	automatically chosen	automatically chosen
SECOND	TIME or DATETIME	second	TIME8.
MINUTE	TIME or DATETIME	minute	TIME8.
HOUR	TIME or DATETIME	hour	TIME8.
DAY	DATE or DATETIME	day	DATE9.
TENDAY	DATE or DATETIME	10 days	DATE9.
WEEK	DATE or DATETIME	7 days	DATE9.
SEMIMONTH	DATE or DATETIME	1st and 16th of each month	DATE9.
MONTH	DATE or DATETIME	month	MONYY7.
QUARTER	DATE or DATETIME	3 months	YYQC6.
SEMIYEAR	DATE or DATETIME	6 months	MONYY7.
YEAR	DATE or DATETIME	year	YEAR4.

MINORTICKS=Boolean

[time axis]

specifies whether minor ticks are displayed.

Default: FALSE

Interaction: The number of minor ticks is dependent on the value of the INTERVAL= option. For example, if INTERVAL=YEAR, there would be four minor ticks (1 per quarter).

Interaction: This option is ignored if the DISPLAY= option does not display tick marks, or if the TICKVALUELIST= option is used.

TICKVALUEFORMAT= format | DATA

[time axis]

specifies how to format the values for major tick marks.

Default: The default format used by the INTERVAL= option. The default does not apply if TICKVALUELIST= is specified.

format

A SAS date, time, or datetime format to control how the major tick values are displayed. This format must be in the same duration units as the data column(s) mapped to a time axis: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME and should be appropriate for the value of the INTERVAL= option. For example, if INTERVAL=MONTH and there are two years of data displayed on the axis, choosing TICKVALUEFORMAT=YEAR. would result in several ticks having the same year value.

DATA

Specifies that the SAS date, time, or datetime format associated with the data column assigned to the axis be used to control how the major tick values are displayed.

Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details, see SAS Formats Not Supported.

TICKVALUELIST=(time-constant-list | date-constant-list | datetime-constant-list | numeric-list)

[time axis]

specifies the tick values for a time axis as list.

Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick values.

Requirement: The list must be enclosed in parentheses and each item separated by a blank. The items in the list must be in the same duration units as the data mapped to the axis: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME. The values can be expressed as SAS TIME, DATE, or DATETIME constants (for example, "13:23"T, "11MAY06"D, or "11MAY06:13:23"DT) or their numeric equivalents.

Restriction: This option does not extend the data range of the axis. If the values fall within the default data range, they are used.

Interaction: The values in the list are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option. If TICKVALUEFORMAT= is not used, the values are formatted according to the column format (the default TICKVALUEFORMAT value is not applied to these values).

Interaction: If this option is used, the INTERVAL= option is ignored.