Example Program and Statement Details
Example Program
This
example shows how axis attributes can be managed separately for even
and odd columns and rows in the layout grid. In this case, the ROWAXISOPTS=
option is used to stagger the Y-axes attributes:
proc template;
define statgraph layoutdatalattice;
begingraph;
entrytitle "Annual Furniture Sales Comparisons";
layout datalattice rowvar=country columnvar=year /
rowdatarange=union
headerlabellocation=inside
headerlabeldisplay=value
headerbackgroundcolor=GraphAltBlock:color
rowaxisopts=(griddisplay=on
display=(tickvalues)
altdisplay=(ticks)
displaysecondary=(ticks)
altdisplaysecondary=(ticks tickvalues)
linearopts=(tickvalueformat=dollar12.))
columnaxisopts=(display=(tickvalues)
timeopts=(tickvalueformat=monname3.));
layout prototype / cycleattrs=true;
seriesplot x=month y=TotalActual / name="Actual";
seriesplot x=month y=TotalPredict / name="Predict";
endlayout;
sidebar / align=bottom;
discretelegend "Actual" "Predict" / border=false;
endsidebar;
endlayout;
endgraph;
end;
run;
proc summary data=sashelp.prdsal2 nway;
class country year month;
var actual predict;
output out=prdsal2 sum=TotalActual TotalPredict;
run;
proc sgrender data=prdsal2 template=layoutdatalattice;
run;
Statement Summary
The LAYOUT
DATALATTICE and LAYOUT DATAPANEL statements each create a grid of
graphs based on the values of one or more classification variables.
In the grid, the axes are always external and, by default, display
information about the left and bottom axes, called the “primary”
axes.
Both the
LAYOUT DATALATTICE and LAYOUT DATAPANEL statements have COLUMNAXISOPTS=
and ROWAXISOPTS= options that manage the axis display separately for
columns and rows. The display settings that are available can manage
odd and even columns and rows separately, enabling you to simplify
the axis display within the grid.
-
To manage the first, third, and odd occurrences of a primary axis, use the DISPLAY= option.
-
To manage the second, fourth, and even occurrences of a primary axis, use the ALTDISPLAY= option.
To display
“secondary” axes on the right or top of the grid, use
the DISPLAYSECONDARY= and ALTDISPLAYSECONDARY= options.
In the
default cases for the plots within the layout, the axis type is always
DISCRETE, LINEAR, or TIME. The TYPE= option enables you to specify an axis type
that overrides the default. For example, when appropriate for the
data, you can request a LOG axis. When you override the default axis
type, you must be sure to specify the correct axis type for the plot(s)
that you are defining.
Each axis
type has features specific to that type, and the following axis options
enable you to specify features for the different types: DISCRETEOPTS= , LINEAROPTS= , LOGOPTS= , and TIMEOPTS= . One or more of these options can
be specified for an axis, but the specified settings are applied only
to the axis type that supports them.
General Options for All Axes in the Layout
The options
that are documented in this section can be used with any of the axis
types that are supported within a DATALATTICE or DATAPANEL layout.
Subsequent sections in the chapter document the axis options that
are available only for specific axis types: discrete, linear, log,
or time axes.
controls which axis
features are displayed on second, fourth, and other even row or column
occurrences of the primary axis.
a list of space-delimited
options, enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more
of the following:
| LABEL | Displays the axis label. A common label is displayed at the center of the grid, and the label applies to all the primary axes in the row or column. This label is overridden by a label specified on the DISPLAY= option. |
| LINE | Displays the axis line. |
| TICKS | Displays the tick marks. |
| TICKVALUES | Displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks. |
controls which features
are displayed on second, fourth, and other even row or column occurrences
of the secondary axis.
a list of space-delimited
options, enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more
of the following:
| LABEL | Displays the axis label. A common label is displayed at the center of the grid, and the label applies to all the secondary axes in the row or column. This label is overridden by a label specified on the DISPLAY= option. |
| LINE | Displays the axis line. |
| TICKS | Displays the tick marks. |
| TICKVALUES | Displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks. |
The secondary axis
is a duplicate of the primary axis (the axis to which the data are
mapped). It is on the opposite side of the lattice from the primary
axis.
specifies one or more
options for a discrete X or X2 axis. See Options for Discrete X or X2 Axes Only.
controls which axis
features are displayed on first, third, and other odd row or column
occurrences of the primary axis.
a list of space-delimited
options, enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more
of the following:
| LABEL | Displays the axis label. A common label is displayed at the center of the grid, and the label applies to all the primary axes in the row or column. This label overrides a label specified on the ALTDISPLAY= option. |
| LINE | Displays the axis line. |
| TICKS | Displays the tick marks. |
| TICKVALUES | Displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks. |
controls which axis
features are displayed on first, third, and other odd row or column
occurrences of the secondary axis.
a list of space-delimited
options, enclosed in parentheses. The list must include one or more
of the following:
| LABEL | Displays the axis label. A common label is displayed at the center of the grid, and the label applies to all the secondary axes in the row or column. This label overrides a label specified on the ALTDISPLAYSECONDARY= option. |
| LINE | Displays the axis line. |
| TICKS | Displays the tick marks. |
| TICKVALUES | Displays the values that are represented by the major tick marks. |
The secondary axis
is a duplicate of the primary axis (the axis to which the data are
mapped). It is on the opposite side of the lattice from the primary
axis.
specifies the attributes
of the grid lines. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax
on using a style-element and Line Options for available line-options.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the grid lines must be enabled
by the ODS style or the GRIDDISPLAY= option.
specifies whether axis
grid lines are displayed.
This option enables
the template to absolutely control the display of grid lines or to
allow interaction with the current style to decide whether grid lines
are displayed.
Supplied styles use
DisplayOpts="AUTO," which means that the style has no "preference"
about grid lines and the graphics template setting for grid lines
is always used.
Discussion: The following table shows the end results for various combinations
of the GRIDDISPLAY= option and the DisplayOpts= attribute of the GraphGridLines
style element. Most supplied templates use the default setting AUTO_OFF
to indicate a preference for not displaying grid lines, but allowing
the style to override.
specifies the axis
label. The string can be either
a string literal or a dynamic. The list form implies that all included
string literals or dynamics will be concatenated
Default: The default label is derived from the primary plot in the layout.
For more information, see When Plots Share Data and a Common Axis.
Interaction: If the axis label is too long to fit along the axis, it is truncated
by default. Use the SHORTLABEL= option to specify an alternate axis
label to be used whenever truncation would normally occur.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the axis label must be enabled
by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
specifies the color
and font attributes of the axis label. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax
on using a style-element and Text Options for available text-options.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the axis label must be enabled
by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
specifies one or more linear-axis-options for a numeric interval axis.
See Options for Linear Axes Only.
specifies one or more log-axis-options for a log axis. See Options for Log Axes Only.
reserves an area at
the maximum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved
area. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Offsets.
reserves an area at
the minimum end of the axis. No tick marks are displayed in the reserved
area. For more information, see Adjusting Axis Offsets.
specifies an alternate
axis label. This label is used when the default axis label or label
specified by the LABEL= option is too long for the grid length
or the grid width.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the axis label must be enabled
by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
specifies the color
and font attributes of the axis tick value labels. See General Syntax for Attribute Options for the syntax
on using a style-element and Text Options for available text-options.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the tick values must be enabled
by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
specifies one or more time-axis-options for a time axis. See Options for Time Axes Only.
specifies the type
of axis to use.
Use a DISCRETE axis
if possible. The data for discrete axes can be character or numeric.
You can add a DISCRETEOPTS= ( ) option list to customize this
axis type.
Use a LINEAR axis if
possible. You can add a LINEAROPTS= ( ) option list to customize this
axis type.
Use a TIME axis if
possible. Data for this axis must be SAS time, SAS date, or SAS datetime
values. You can add a TIMEOPTS= ( ) option list to customize this
axis type.
Use a LOG axis if possible.
You can add a LOGOPTS= ( ) option list to customize this
axis type.
Interaction: If this option is set to anything other than AUTO, plots within
the layout are dropped from the display if their data types or data
ranges do not match the axis type requirements. For more information,
see Plot Axis Types Must Agree on Common Axes.
Interaction: After the axis type is determined (whether you set a specific type
or AUTO is in effect), only options supported by that axis type can
be used. For example, if TYPE=TIME, only the general OVERLAY axis
options and those available on TIMEOPTS= are supported.
Options for Discrete X or X2 Axes Only
specifies one or more discrete-axis-options for a discrete axis. The discrete-axis-options can be set only for an
X or X2 axis. A Y or Y2 axis uses the default THIN fit policy. Options
must be enclosed in parentheses. Each option is specified as a name = value pair and each pair is space separated.
| THIN | Some tick values are removed. |
| ROTATE | Tick values are rotated 45 degrees. |
| ROTATETHIN | Attempt ROTATE policy and then THIN policy. |
| STAGGER | Tick values alternate between two rows. |
| STAGGERROTATE | Attempt STAGGER policy and then ROTATE policy. |
| STAGGERTHIN | Attempt STAGGER policy and then THIN policy. |
| STAGGERTRUNCATE | Attempt STAGGER policy and then TRUNCATE policy. |
| TRUNCATE | Tick values are shortened when they exceed a certain number of characters. |
| TRUNCATEROTATE | Attempt TRUNCATE policy and then ROTATE policy. |
| TRUNCATESTAGGER | Attempt TRUNCATE policy and then STAGGER policy. |
| TRUNCATETHIN | Attempt TRUNCATE policy and then THIN policy. |
Options for Linear Axes Only
specifies that evenly
spaced integer values are used for tick marks.
Interaction: This option overrides the MAXDECIMALS= and PREFERREDDECIMALS= suboptions
of the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option
specifies a bias for
including one more tick mark at the maximum end of the axis. For more
information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.
specifies a bias for
including one more tick mark at the minimum end of the axis. For more
information, see Adjusting Axis Thresholds.
specifies how to format
the values for major tick marks.
specifies one or more
major tick value formatting options. Together, these options provide
parameters for determining an optimal format ( w.d, Ew., BESTw.) for displaying
major tick values.
| MAXWIDTH = integer | Specifies the maximum width for displayed tick values. Values might be rounded or converted to E-notation to fit into this width. |
| MAXDECIMALS = integer | Specifies the maximum number of decimals for displayed tick values. Values might be rounded or converted to E-notation to fit into this width. MAXWIDTH > MAXDECIMALS |
| PREFERREDDECIMALS = integer | Specifies the number of decimal places desired for most values. The actual number might vary based on other constraints. |
| EXTRACTSCALE = boolean | Specifies whether to extract some factor of ten from all tick values in order to reduce the overall width of the tick values and improve legibility. The extracted factor is concatenated to the existing axis label. Example of revised axis label: Number Sold (x1000) |
Restriction: The format-options are used
only when no format has been assigned to the variable(s) that contribute
to the axis or when the assigned format(s) are w.d, Ew. or BESTw.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details,
see SAS Formats Not Supported.
specifies the tick
values for a linear axis as list.
Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick marks based on the actual
axis data range or the data range established by the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options. By default, when this option
is used, only tick values that appear are those in numeric-list that fall within the explicit data
range (set by VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX=) or implicit data range (set by
the actual data minimum and data maximum).
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option is specified, or if the tick
values are not enabled by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
Interaction: The VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options alter the axis data range.
If the VIEWMIN= option is set to the minimum tick list value and the
VIEWMAX= option is set to the maximum tick list value, all ticks in
the tick list are displayed. This might result in some data not being
displayed. For example, data might not be displayed when the VIEWMIN=
value is greater than the actual data minimum, or when the VIEWMAX=
value is less than actual data maximum.
Interaction: If the TICKVALUEPRIORITY= is set to TRUE, 1) the VIEWMIN= and
VIEWMAX= options are ignored if they are fully enclosed by the numeric-list 2) the tick numeric-list can extend the implicit data range of the axis, but never reduce
it.
The values in the
list are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option.
specifies whether an
axis tick specification (TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE=) can
extend the axis data range.
Interaction: When this option is set to TRUE, the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options
are ignored if they are fully enclosed by value range set by the TICKVALUELIST= or TICKVALUESEQUENCE= option.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the tick marks must be enabled
by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
specifies the tick
values for a linear axis by start, end, and increment.
Default: An internal algorithm determines the tick marks based on the actual
axis data range or the data range established by the VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options. By default when this option
is used, the only tick values to appear are those that fall within
the explicit data range (set by VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX=) or implicit
data range (set by the actual data minimum and data maximum).
| START = number | Specifies the value for the first tick mark. |
| END = number | Specifies the value for the last tick mark. |
| INCREMENT = number | Specifies the increment for intermediate tick marks between the first and last tick marks. The END value always controls the last tick mark. The interval between the last tick mark and the previous tick mark might not necessarily be the INCREMENT value. |
Interaction: The VIEWMIN= and VIEWMAX= options alter the axis data range. If
the VIEWMIN= option is set to the START= option value and the VIEWMAX=
option is set to the END= option value, all ticks in the tick sequence
are displayed.
Interaction: If the TICKVALUEPRIORITY= option is set to TRUE, the tick sequence
might extend the explicit data range of the axis, but never reduce
it.
Interaction: For this option to have any effect, the tick marks must be enabled
by the ODS style or the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
The values in the
sequence are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option.
specifies the maximum
data value to include in the display (the value might be adjusted
by the threshold calculation). For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Interaction: This option does not determine the maximum axis tick value displayed.
The THRESHOLDMAX= value is used to determine the maximum
tick value.
specifies the minimum
data value to include in the display (the value might be adjusted
by the threshold calculation). For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Interaction: This option does not determine the minimum axis tick value displayed.
The THRESHOLDMIN= value is used to determine the maximum
tick value.
Options for Log Axes Only
specifies whether minor
ticks are displayed:
Restriction: Minor ticks can be displayed only when BASE=10 and TICKINTERVALSTYLE= is LOGEXPAND or LOGEXPONENT.
specifies how to scale
and format the values for major tick marks.
Restriction: For LOGEXPAND and LOGEXPONENT, formats on data columns contributing
to the axis are ignored. For LINEAR, ticks values are automatically
formatted when the column format is not assigned or one of w.d, Ew., or BESTw. Other formats
(SAS defined or user-defined) are used if specified.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details,
see SAS Formats Not Supported.
If you use TICKINTERVALSTYLE=LOGEXPONENT,
you might want to include information in the axis label about which
base is used.
A LOGEXPAND, LOGEXPONENT,
or LINEAR representation is chosen automatically based on the range
of the data. When the data range is small (within an order of magnitude),
a LINEAR representation is typically used. Data ranges that encompass
several orders of magnitude typically use the LOGEXPAND or LOGEXPONENT
representation.
Restriction: For LOGEXPONENT, formats on data columns contributing to the axis
are ignored. For LOGEXPAND, formats on data columns contributing to
the axis are ignored, although any "named format" on the column is
retained. For LINEAR, ticks values are automatically formatted when
the column format is not assigned or one of w.d, Ew. or BESTw. Other formats (SAS defined or user-defined)
are used if specified.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details,
see SAS Formats Not Supported.
specifies the maximum
data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
specifies the minimum
data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
Options for Time Axes Only
specifies one or more
options for a time axis.
Variables associated
with a time axis must be in SAS time, SAS date, or SAS datetime units
and have an associated SAS time, date, or datetime format.
specifies the time
interval between major ticks. Valid interval keywords are AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, TENDAY, WEEK, SEMIMONTH,
MONTH, QUARTER, SEMIYEAR, YEAR.
The data column(s)
mapped to a time axis must be in the same duration units: TIME, DATE,
or DATETIME. The selection of an interval must be consistent with
the duration unit. For example, if the data are in time units, you
can select only AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR.
Default: AUTO. An appropriate interval is chosen based on the data and the
column date/datetime/time format.
specifies whether minor
ticks are displayed.
Interaction: This option is ignored if the TICKVALUELIST= option is used or if the tick marks
are not enabled by the DISPLAY= or DISPLAYSECONDARY= option.
specifies whether to
split the tick values on an X or X2 axis, if possible. This option
is not available for a Y or Y2 axis. For example, with INTERVAL= MONTH, this is how tick values are
split:
typically, fewer tick
values fit, causing thinning, rotation, or staggering of the values.
See the TICKVALUEFITPOLICY= option.
specifies a policy
for avoiding tick value collision on an X or X2 axis. This option
is not available for a Y or Y2 axis.
The collision-avoidance
policy that is most effective depends on the number of tick values,
their length, and the length of the axis. For an X or X2 axis, the
policy can be one of the following:
specifies how to format
the values for major tick marks.
Default: The default format used by the INTERVAL= option. The default does not apply
if TICKVALUELIST= is specified.
A SAS date, time, or
datetime format to control how the major tick values are displayed.
This format must be in the same duration units as the data column(s)
mapped to a time axis: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME and should be appropriate
for the value of the INTERVAL= option. For example, if INTERVAL=MONTH
and there are two years of data displayed on the axis, choosing TICKVALUEFORMAT=YEAR.
would result in several ticks having the same year value.
Restriction: GTL currently honors most but not every SAS format. For details,
see SAS Formats Not Supported.
specifies the tick
values for a time axis as list.
Requirement: The list must be enclosed in parentheses and each item separated
by a blank. The items in the list must be in the same duration units
as the data mapped to the axis: TIME, DATE, or DATETIME. The values
can be expressed as SAS TIME, DATE, or DATETIME constants (for example,
"13:23"T, "11MAY06"D, or "11MAY06:13:23"DT) or their numeric equivalents.
Restriction: This option does not extend the data range of the axis. If the values
fall within the default data range or that specified by the VIEWMIN= or VIEWMAX= options, they are used.
The values in the
list are formatted according to the setting for the TICKVALUEFORMAT= option. If TICKVALUEFORMAT= is not
used, the values are formatted according to the column format (the
default TICKVALUEFORMAT value is not applied to these values).
specifies the maximum
data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.
specifies the minimum
data value to include in the display. For more information, see Adjusting the Axis View.