Total R-Square

The total statistic (Total Rsq) is computed as

where SST is the sum of squares for the original response variable corrected for the mean and SSE is the final error sum of squares. The Total Rsq is a measure of how well the next value can be predicted using the structural part of the model and the past values of the residuals. If the NOINT option is specified, SST is the uncorrected sum of squares.

Regression R-Square

The regression (Reg RSQ) is computed as

where TSST is the total sum of squares of the transformed response variable corrected for the transformed intercept, and TSSE is the error sum of squares for this transformed regression problem. If the NOINT option is requested, no correction for the transformed intercept is made. The Reg RSQ is a measure of the fit of the structural part of the model after transforming for the autocorrelation and is the for the transformed regression.

The regression and the total should be the same when there is no autocorrelation correction (OLS regression).

Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)

The mean absolute error (MAE) is computed as

where are the estimated model residuals and is the number of observations.

The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is computed as

where are the estimated model residuals, are the original response variable observations, if , if , and is the number of nonzero original response variable observations.

Calculation of Recursive Residuals and CUSUM Statistics

The recursive residuals are computed as

Note that the first can be computed for , where is the number of regression coefficients. As a result, first recursive residuals are not defined. Note also that the forecast error variance of is the scalar multiple of such that .

The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ statistics are computed using the preceding recursive residuals.

where are the recursive residuals,

and is the number of regressors.

The CUSUM statistics can be used to test for misspecification of the model. The upper and lower critical values for CUSUM are

where a = 1.143 for a significance level 0.01, 0.948 for 0.05, and 0.850 for 0.10. These critical values are output by the CUSUMLB= and CUSUMUB= options for the significance level specified by the ALPHACSM= option.

The upper and lower critical values of CUSUMSQ are given by

where the value of a is obtained from the table by Durbin (1969) if the . Edgerton and Wells (1994) provided the method of obtaining the value of a for large samples.

These critical values are output by the CUSUMSQLB= and CUSUMSQUB= options for the significance level specified by the ALPHACSM= option.

Information Criteria AIC, AICC, and SBC

Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), the corrected Akaike’s information criterion (AICC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion (SBC) are computed as follows:

In these formulas, L is the value of the likelihood function evaluated at the parameter estimates, N is the number of observations, and k is the number of estimated parameters. Refer to Judge et al. (1985), Hurvich and Tsai (1989) and Schwarz (1978) for additional details.