Syntax Description

where-expression-1

is a WHERE expression.

logical-operator

is one of the following logical operators:

• AND
• AND NOT
• OR
• OR NOT

where-expression-n

is a WHERE expression.

WHERE statements allow multiple WHERE expressions that are joined by logical operators.

You can use SAS functions in a WHERE expression. Also, note that a DATA step or a PROC step attempts to use an available index to optimize the selection of data when an indexed variable is used in combination with one of the following:

• CONTAINS operator
• LIKE operator
• colon modifier with a comparison operator
• •TRIM function
• •SUBSTR function (in some cases)

To understand when using the SUBSTR function causes an index to be used, look at the format of the SUBSTR function in a WHERE statement:

where substr(variable, position, length)
   ='character-string';

An index is used in processing when all of the following conditions are met:

• position is equal to 1
• length is less than or equal to the length of variable
• length is equal to the length of character-string

The following example illustrates using a WHERE statement with the UPLOAD procedure. The uploaded data set contains only the observations that meet the WHERE condition.

proc upload data=revenue out=new;
   where origin='Atlanta' and revenue < 10000;
run;

For details, see the SAS Data Set Options: Reference.