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These sample files and code examples are provided by SAS Institute Inc. "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Recipients acknowledge and agree that SAS Institute shall not be liable for any damages whatsoever arising out of their use of this material. In addition, SAS Institute will provide no support for the materials contained herein.

The graphics output in the Results tab was produced using SAS® 9.2. Submitting the sample code with releases of SAS prior to SAS 9.2 might produce different results.

 /* Set the graphics environment */
goptions reset=all cback=white border htitle=12pt htext=10pt;  

 /* Create a data set name CITIES to contain the X and Y */
 /* longitude/latitude values in radians for the cities  */
data cities;

  /* Get the coordinates from the MAPS.USCITY data set */
  set maps.uscity end=last;
  keep x y city long lat flag;	

  /* Subset specific cities */
  where capital='Y' and state in (48 30 23 12);

  /* Count the number of cities in the data set */
  count+1;

  /* Convert degrees to radians */
  x=atan(1)/45 * long;
  y=atan(1)/45 * lat;
  
  flag=1;

  /* Create a macro variable for the number of cities */
  if last then call symput('num',count);
run;

 /* Combine the cities data set with an unprojected map data set */
data combo;
  /* Remove Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico */
  set maps.states(where=(state not in(2 15 72))) cities;
run;

 /* Project the combined data set */
proc gproject data=combo out=states dupok;
  id state;
run;
quit;

 /* Split the projected data set up into a map data set, ST */
 /* and a cites data set, CTY using the flag variable       */
data st cty;

  /* Specify the projected data set. */
  set states;

  /* If observation is from the cities data set */
  if flag=1 then output cty;

  /* Otherwise observation is from the map data set */
  else output st;
run;

 /* Create an annotate data set to label the cities */
data ctylbl;
  length function color $ 8 text $ 25 style $ 25;
  retain xsys ysys '2' when 'a';

  /* Use the projected cities data set */
  set cty;

  /* Create an observation to place a symbol at the city */
  function='label';
  style='special';
  text='M';
  color='black';
  position='5';
  size=1.25;
  output;

  /* Create an observation to place a label at the city */
  style="'Albany AMT/bold'";
  text=city;
  position='E';
  output;
run;

 /* Create a data set that contains the distance from        */
 /* each city in the data set to every other city            */
 /* use the unprojected values for calculating the distances */
 /* keep the projected values in the data set for annotating */
data citydist;
  keep fromcity tocity dist frprojx frprojy toprojx toprojy;
  set cty;

  /* Get the values for the city */
  /* Convert degrees to radians  */
  fromx=atan(1)/45 * long;
  fromy=atan(1)/45 * lat;
  fromcity=city;
  
  /* Get the projected values for use in annotating */
  frprojx=x;
  frprojy=y;

  /* Get the observations for each of the cities */
  do i=1 to #
    set cty point=i;

	/* Use the unprojected values for the destination city */
    tox=atan(1)/45 * long;
    toy=atan(1)/45 * lat;
    tocity=city;

	/* Keep the projected values in the data set for annotation */
	toprojx=x;
	toprojy=y;

    /* If fromcity is the tocity, delete the observation */
    if tocity = fromcity then delete;

    /* Calculate the distance between the cities */
    /* using the Great Circle Distance Formula   */
    else
    Dist = round(3949.99 * arcos( sin( fromy ) * sin( toy ) +
            cos( fromy ) * cos( toy ) *
            cos( fromx - tox ) ));
    output;
  end;
run;

 /* Create an annotate data set to draw lines between the cities */
 /* and label the distance                                       */
data anno;
  length function color $ 8 text $ 25 style $ 25;
  retain xsys ysys '2' when 'a';
  keep function color size style text xsys ysys when x y position angle;

  set citydist;

  /* Move to the first city */ 
  x=frprojx;
  y=frprojy;
  function='move';
  output;

 /* Create an observation to draw from one city to the next */
  x=toprojx;  
  y=toprojy;
  function='draw';
  color='depk';
  size=1.75;
  output;

  /* Determine the angle of the line */
  deg=atan(abs(frprojy-toprojy)/abs(frprojx-toprojx));

  /* Convert radians to degrees for the ANGLE variable */
  deg=45/atan(1)*deg;

  /* Change the angle for a downward sloping line */
  if (frprojx > toprojx and frprojy < toprojy) or 
     (toprojx > frprojx and toprojy < frprojy) 
        then deg=-deg;

  /* Use the midpoint formula to determine the center point of the line */
  x=(frprojx + toprojx)/2;
  y=(frprojy + toprojy)/2;

  /* Create an observation to label the distance. */
  /* Angle the text to match the line             */ 
  function='label';
  style="'Albany AMT/bold'";
  color='black';
  text=dist||' Miles';
  position='E';
  angle=round(deg);
  size=1.2;
  output;
run;

pattern1 r=52 v=msolid c=grayEE;

 /* Add a title to the graph */
title1 'Distances Between Selected Cities';

 /* Generate a map with cities and the distance between them */
proc gmap data=st map=st anno=anno;
  id state;
  choro state / discrete anno=ctylbl coutline=black nolegend;
run;
quit;

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These sample files and code examples are provided by SAS Institute Inc. "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Recipients acknowledge and agree that SAS Institute shall not be liable for any damages whatsoever arising out of their use of this material. In addition, SAS Institute will provide no support for the materials contained herein.

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