Creating u Charts from Nonconformities per Unit

See SHWUCHR in the SAS/QC Sample LibraryIn the previous example, the input data set provided the number of nonconformities for each subgroup sample. However, in some applications, as illustrated here, the data provide the number of nonconformities per inspection unit for each subgroup.

A clothing manufacturer ships shirts in boxes of ten. Prior to shipment, each shirt is inspected for flaws. Since the manufacturer is interested in the average number of flaws per shirt, the number of flaws found in each box is divided by ten and then recorded. The following statements create a SAS data set named Shirts, which contains the average number of flaws per shirt for 25 boxes:

data Shirts;
   input Box AvgdefU @@;
   AvgdefN=10;
   datalines;
 1  0.4    2  0.7    3  0.5    4  1.0   5  0.3
 6  0.2    7  0.0    8  0.4    9  0.4  10  0.6
11  0.2   12  0.7   13  0.3   14  0.1  15  0.3
16  0.6   17  0.6   18  0.3   19  0.7  20  0.3
21  0.0   22  0.1   23  0.5   24  0.6  25  0.4
;

Note that this is the same data set used in Getting Started: CCHART Statement of CCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure. A partial listing of Shirts is shown in Figure 17.90.

Figure 17.90: The Data Set Shirts

Average Number of Shirt Flaws

Box	AvgdefU	AvgdefN
1	0.4	10
2	0.7	10
3	0.5	10
4	1.0	10
5	0.3	10

The data set Shirts contains three variables: the box number (Box), the average number of flaws per shirt (AvgdefU), and the number of shirts per box (AvgdefN). Here, a subgroup is a box of shirts, and an inspection unit is an individual shirt. Note that each subgroup contains ten inspection units.

To create a u chart for the average number of flaws per shirt in each box, you can specify Shirts as a HISTORY= data set.

ods graphics on;
title 'Total Flaws per Box of Shirts';
proc shewhart history=Shirts;
   uchart Avgdef*Box / odstitle=title;
run;

The ODS GRAPHICS ON statement specified before the PROC SHEWHART statement enables ODS Graphics, so the u chart is created by using ODS Graphics instead of traditional graphics.

Note that Avgdef is not the name of a SAS variable in the data set but is, instead, the common prefix for the names of the SAS variables AvgdefU and AvgdefN. The suffix characters U and N indicate number of nonconformities per unit and sample size, respectively. This naming convention enables you to specify two variables in the HISTORY= data set with a single name, which is referred to as the process. The name Box, specified after the asterisk, is the name of the subgroup-variable. The u chart is shown in Figure 17.91.

Figure 17.91: u Chart for Boxes of Shirts (ODS Graphics)

In general, a HISTORY= input data set used with the UCHART statement must contain the following variables:

subgroup variable
subgroup number of nonconformities per unit variable
subgroup sample size variable

Furthermore, the names of the nonconformities per unit and sample size variables must begin with the process name specified in the UCHART statement and end with the special suffix characters U and N, respectively. If the names do not follow this convention, you can use the RENAME option to rename the variables for the duration of the SHEWHART procedure step. Suppose that, instead of the variables AvgdefU and AvgdefN, the data set Shirts contained the variables Shirtdef and Sizes. The following statements temporarily rename Shirtdef and Sizes to AvgdefU and AvgdefN:

proc shewhart
   history=Shirts (rename=(Shirtdef = AvgdefU
                           Sizes    = AvgdefN ));
   uchart Avgdef*Box;
run;

For more information, see HISTORY= Data Set.

UCHART Statement: SHEWHART Procedure

Creating u Charts from Nonconformities per Unit