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The CUSUM Procedure

Summary of Options

The following tables list the XCHART statement options by function. Options unique to the CUSUM procedure are listed in Table 6.1, and are described in detail in the section Dictionary of Special Options. Options that are common to both the CUSUM and SHEWHART procedures are listed in Table 6.2. They are described in detail in Dictionary of Options.

Table 6.1 XCHART Statement Special Options

Option

Description

Options for Specifying a One-Sided (Decision Interval) Cusum Scheme

DELTA=

specifies shift to be detected as a multiple of standard error

H=

specifies decision interval () as a multiple of standard error

HEADSTART=

specifies headstart value as a multiple of standard error

K=

specifies reference value ()

LIMITN=

specifies fixed nominal sample size for cusum scheme

LIMITN=

specifies that cusums are to be computed for all subgroups regardless of sample size

MU0=

specifies target for mean

NOREADLIMITS

specifies that cusum parameters are not to be read from LIMITS= data set (SAS 6.10 and later releases)

READINDEX=

reads cusum scheme parameters from a LIMITS= data set

READLIMITS

specifies that cusum parameters are to be read from LIMITS= data set (SAS 6.09 and earlier releases)

SCHEME=ONESIDED

specifies a one-sided scheme

SHIFT=

specifies shift to be detected in data units

SIGMA0=

specifies standard (known) value for process standard deviation

Options for Specifying a Two-Sided (V-Mask) Cusum Scheme

ALPHA=

specifies probability of Type 1 error

BETA=

specifies probability of Type 2 error

H=

specifies vertical distance between V-mask origin and upper (or lower) arm

K=

specifies slope of lower arm of V-mask

LIMITN=

specifies fixed nominal sample size for cusum scheme

LIMITN=

specifies that cusums are to be computed for all subgroups regardless of sample size

NOREADLIMITS

specifies that cusum parameters are not to be read from LIMITS= data set (SAS 6.10 and later releases)

READINDEX=

reads cusum scheme parameters from a LIMITS= data set

READLIMITS

specifies that cusum parameters are to be read from LIMITS= data set (SAS 6.09 and earlier releases)

READSIGMAS

reads _SIGMAS_ instead of _ALPHA_ from LIMITS= data set when both variables are available

SIGMAS=

specifies probability of Type 1 error as probability that standard normally distributed variable exceeds value in absolute value

Options for Estimating Process Standard Deviation

SMETHOD=

specifies method for estimating process standard deviation

TYPE=

identifies whether _STDDEV_ in OUTLIMITS= data set is an estimate or standard, and specifies value of _TYPE_ in OUTLIMITS= data set

Options for Displaying Decision Interval or V-Mask

CINFILL=

specifies color for area under decision interval line or inside V-mask

CLIMITS=

specifies color of decision interval line

CMASK=

specifies color of V-mask outline

LLIMITS=

specifies line type for decision interval

LMASK=

specifies line type for V-mask arms

NOMASK

suppresses display of V-mask

ORIGIN=

specifies value of subgroup-variable locating origin of V-mask

WLIMITS=

specifies line width for decision interval

WMASK=

specifies line width for V-mask

Tabulation Options

TABLEALL

specifies the options TABLECHART, TABLECOMP, TABLEID, TABLEOUT, and TABLESUMMARY

TABLECHART

tabulates the information displayed in the cusum chart

TABLECOMP

tabulates the computational form of the cusum scheme as described by Lucas (1976) and Lucas and Crosier (1982)

TABLEID

augments TABLECHART and TABLECOMP tables with columns for ID variables

TABLEOUT

augments TABLECHART table with a column indicating if the decision interval or V-mask was exceeded

TABLESUMMARY

tabulates the parameters for the cusum scheme and the average run lengths corresponding to shifts of zero and

Table 6.2 XCHART Statement General Options

Option

Description

Options for Plotting and Labeling Points

ALLLABEL=

labels every point on cusum chart

ALLLABEL2=

labels every point on trend chart

CLABEL=

specifies color for labels

CCONNECT=

specifies color for line segments that connect points on chart

CFRAMELAB=

specifies fill color for frame around labeled points

COUT=

specifies color for portions of line segments that connect points outside control limits

COUTFILL=

specifies color for shading areas between the connected points and control limits outside the limits

LABELANGLE=

specifies angle at which labels are drawn

LABELFONT=

specifies software font for labels

LABELHEIGHT=

specifies height of labels

NOCONNECT

suppresses line segments that connect points on chart

NOTRENDCONNECT

suppresses line segments that connect points on trend chart

OUTLABEL=

labels points outside control limits

SYMBOLLEGEND=

specifies LEGEND statement for levels of symbol-variable

SYMBOLORDER=

specifies order in which symbols are assigned for levels of symbol-variable

TURNALL|TURNOUT

turns point labels so that they are strung out vertically

Axis and Axis Label Options

CAXIS=

specifies color for axis lines and tick marks

CFRAME=

specifies fill colors for frame for plot area

CTEXT=

specifies color for tick mark values and axis labels

DISCRETE

produces horizontal axis for discrete numeric group values

HAXIS=

specifies major tick mark values for horizontal axis

HEIGHT=

specifies height of axis label and axis legend text

HMINOR=

specifies number of minor tick marks between major tick marks on horizontal axis

HOFFSET=

specifies length of offset at both ends of horizontal axis

INTSTART=

specifies first major tick mark value on horizontal axis when a date, time, or datetime format is associated with numeric subgroup variable

NOHLABEL

suppresses label for horizontal axis

NOTICKREP

specifies that only the first occurrence of repeated, adjacent subgroup values is to be labeled on horizontal axis

NOVANGLE

requests vertical axis labels that are strung out vertically

SKIPHLABELS=

specifies thinning factor for tick mark labels on horizontal axis

SPLIT=

specifies splitting character for axis labels

TURNHLABELS

requests horizontal axis labels that are strung out vertically

VAXIS=

specifies major tick mark values for vertical axis of cusum chart

VAXIS2=

specifies major tick mark values for vertical axis of trend chart

VFORMAT=

specifies format for primary vertical axis tick mark labels

VFORMAT2=

specifies format for secondary vertical axis tick mark labels

VMINOR=

specifies number of minor tick marks between major tick marks on vertical axis

VOFFSET=

specifies length of offset at both ends of vertical axis

WAXIS=

specifies width of axis lines

Plot Layout Options

ALLN

plots means for all subgroups

BILEVEL

creates control charts using half-screens and half-pages

EXCHART

creates control charts for a process only when exceptions occur

INTERVAL=

natural time interval between consecutive subgroup positions when time, date, or datetime format is associated with a numeric subgroup variable

MAXPANELS=

maximum number of pages or screens for chart

NMARKERS

requests special markers for points corresponding to sample sizes not equal to nominal sample size for fixed control limits

NOCHART

suppresses creation of chart

NOFRAME

suppresses frame for plot area

NOLEGEND

suppresses legend for subgroup sample sizes

NPANELPOS=

specifies number of subgroup positions per panel on each chart

REPEAT

repeats last subgroup position on panel as first subgroup position of next panel

TOTPANELS=

specifies number of pages or screens to be used to display chart

TRENDVAR=

specifies list of trend variables

YPCT1=

specifies length of vertical axis on cusum chart as a percentage of sum of lengths of vertical axes for cusum and trend charts

Reference Line Options

CHREF=

specifies color for lines requested by HREF= and HREF2= options

CVREF=

specifies color for lines requested by VREF= and VREF2= options

HREF=

specifies position of reference lines perpendicular to horizontal axis on cusum chart

HREF2=

specifies position of reference lines perpendicular to horizontal axis on trend chart

HREFDATA=

specifies position of reference lines perpendicular to horizontal axis on cusum chart

HREF2DATA=

specifies position of reference lines perpendicular to horizontal axis on trend chart

HREFLABELS=

specifies labels for HREF= lines

HREF2LABELS=

specifies labels for HREF2= lines

HREFLABPOS=

specifies position of HREFLABELS= and HREF2LABELS= labels

LHREF=

specifies line type for HREF= and HREF2= lines

LVREF=

specifies line type for VREF= and VREF2= lines

NOBYREF

specifies that reference line information in a data set applies uniformly to charts created for all BY groups

VREF=

specifies position of reference lines perpendicular to vertical axis on cusum chart

VREF2=

specifies position of reference lines perpendicular to vertical axis on trend chart

VREFLABELS=

specifies labels for VREF= lines

VREF2LABELS=

specifies labels for VREF2= lines

VREFLABPOS=

position of VREFLABELS= and VREF2LABELS= labels

Grid Options

CGRID=

specifies color for grid requested with GRID or ENDGRID option

ENDGRID

adds grid after last plotted point

GRID

adds grid to control chart

LENDGRID=

specifies line type for grid requested with the ENDGRID option

LGRID=

specifies line type for grid requested with the GRID option

WGRID=

specifies width of grid lines

Graphical Enhancement Options

ANNOTATE=

specifies annotate data set that adds features to cusum chart

ANNOTATE2=

specifies annotate data set that adds features to trend chart

DESCRIPTION=

specifies description of cusum chart’s GRSEG catalog entry

FONT=

specifies software font for labels and legends on charts

NAME=

specifies name of cusum chart’s GRSEG catalog entry

PAGENUM=

specifies the form of the label used in pagination

PAGENUMPOS=

specifies the position of the page number requested with the PAGENUM= option

WTREND=

specifies width of line segments connecting points on trend chart

Options for Producing Graphs Using ODS Styles

BLOCKVAR=

specifies one or more variables whose values define colors for filling background of block-variable legend

CFRAMELAB

draws a frame around labeled points

COUT

draw portions of line segments that connect points outside control limits in a contrasting color

CSTAROUT

specifies that portions of stars exceeding inner or outer circles are drawn using a different color

OUTFILL

shades areas between control limits and connected points lying outside the limits

STARFILL=

specifies a variable identfying groups of stars filled with different colors

STARS=

specifies a variable identfying groups of stars whose outlines are drawn with different colors

Options for ODS Graphics

BLOCKREFTRANSPARENCY=

specifies the wall fill transparency for blocks and phases

INFILLTRANSPARENCY=

specifies the control limit infill transparency

NOBLOCKREF

suppresses block and phase reference lines

NOBLOCKREFFILL

suppresses block and phase wall fills

NOFILLLEGEND

suppresses legend for levels of a STARFILL= variable

NOPHASEREF

suppresses block and phase reference lines

NOPHASEREFFILL

suppresses block and phase wall fills

NOREF

suppresses block and phase reference lines

NOREFFILL

suppresses block and phase wall fills

NOSTARFILLLEGEND

suppresses legend for levels of a STARFILL= variable

NOTRANSPARENCY

disables transparency in ODS Graphics output

ODSFOOTNOTE=

specifies a graph footnote

ODSFOOTNOTE2=

specifies a secondary graph footnote

ODSLEGENDEXPAND

specifies that legend entries contain all levels observed in the data

ODSTITLE=

specifies a graph title

ODSTITLE2=

specifies a secondary graph title

OUTFILLTRANSPARENCY=

specifies control limit outfill transparency

OVERLAYURL=

specifies URLs to associate with overlay points

OVERLAY2URL=

specifies URLs to associate with overlay points on secondary chart

PHASEPOS=

specifies vertical position of phase legend

PHASEREFLEVEL=

associates phase and block reference lines with either innermost or the outermost level

PHASEREFTRANSPARENCY=

specifies the wall fill transparency for blocks and phases

REFFILLTRANSPARENCY=

specifies the wall fill transparency for blocks and phases

SIMULATEQCFONT

draws central line labels using a simulated software font

STARTRANSPARENCY=

specifies star fill transparency

URL=

specifies a variable whose values are URLs to be associated with subgroups

URL2=

specifies a variable whose values are URLs to be associated with subgroups on secondary chart

Input Data Set Options

MISSBREAK

specifies that observations with missing values are not to be processed

Output Data Set Options

OUTHISTORY=

creates output data set containing subgroup summary statistics

OUTINDEX=

specifies value of _INDEX_ in the OUTLIMITS= data set

OUTLIMITS=

creates output data set containing control limits

OUTTABLE=

creates output data set containing subgroup summary statistics and control limits

Specification Limit Options

CIINDICES

specifies value and type for computing capability index confidence limits

LSL=

specifies list of lower specification limits

TARGET=

specifies list of target values

USL=

specifies list of upper specification limits

Block Variable Legend Options

BLOCKLABELPOS=

specifies position of label for block-variable legend

BLOCKLABTYPE=

specifies text size of block-variable legend

BLOCKPOS=

specifies vertical position of block-variable legend

BLOCKREP

repeats identical consecutive labels in block-variable legend

CBLOCKLAB=

specifies fill colors for frames enclosing variable labels in block-variable legend

CBLOCKVAR=

specifies one or more variables whose values are colors for filling background of block-variable legend

Phase Options

CPHASELEG=

specifies text color for phase legend

OUTPHASE=

specifies value of _PHASE_ in the OUTHISTORY= data set

PHASEBREAK

disconnects last point in a phase from first point in next phase

PHASELABTYPE=

specifies text size of phase legend

PHASELEGEND

displays phase labels in a legend across top of chart

PHASELIMITS

labels control limits for each phase, provided they are constant within that phase

PHASEREF

delineates phases with vertical reference lines

READPHASES=

specifies phases to be read from an input data set

Star Options

CSTARCIRCLES=

specifies color for STARCIRCLES= circles

CSTARFILL=

specifies color for filling stars

CSTAROUT=

specifies outline color for stars exceeding inner or outer circles

CSTARS=

specifies color for outlines of stars

LSTARCIRCLES=

specifies line types for STARCIRCLES= circles

LSTARS=

specifies line types for outlines of STARVERTICES= stars

STARBDRADIUS=

specifies radius of outer bound circle for vertices of stars

STARCIRCLES=

specifies reference circles for stars

STARINRADIUS=

specifies inner radius of stars

STARLABEL=

specifies vertices to be labeled

STARLEGEND=

specifies style of legend for star vertices

STARLEGENDLAB=

specifies label for STARLEGEND= legend

STAROUTRADIUS=

specifies outer radius of stars

STARSPECS=

specifies method used to standardize vertex variables

STARSTART=

specifies angle for first vertex

STARTYPE=

specifies graphical style of star

STARVERTICES=

superimposes star at each point on cusum chart

WSTARCIRCLES=

specifies width of STARCIRCLES= circles

WSTARS=

specifies width of STARVERTICES= stars

Options for Interactive Control Charts

HTML=

specifies a variable whose values create links to be associated with subgroups

HTML2=

specifies variable whose values create links to be associated with subgroups on secondary chart

HTML_LEGEND=

specifies a variable whose values create links to be associated with symbols in the symbol legend

WEBOUT=

creates an OUTTABLE= data set with additional graphics coordinate data

Options for Line Printer Charts

CONNECTCHAR=

specifies character used to form line segments that connect points on chart

HREFCHAR=

specifies line character for HREF= and HREF2= lines

SYMBOLCHARS=

specifies characters indicating symbol-variable

VREFCHAR=

specifies line character for VREF= and VREF2= lines

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