SAS System Options

OBS= System Option

Specifies the observation that is used to determine the last observation to process, or specifies the last record to process.

Valid in:	configuration file, SAS invocation, OPTIONS statement, SAS System Options window
Category:	Files: SAS Files
PROC OPTIONS GROUP=	SASFILES
See:	OBS= System Option under Windows UNIX OpenVMS

Syntax
Syntax Description
Details
Comparisons
Examples
	Example 1: Using OBS= to Specify When to Stop Processing Observations
	Example 2: Using OBS= with WHERE Processing
	Example 3: Using OBS= When Observations Are Deleted
See Also

Syntax

OBS= n | nK | nM | nG | nT | hexX | MIN | MAX

specifies a number to indicate when to stop processing, with n being an integer. Using one of the letter notations results in multiplying the integer by a specific value. That is, specifying K (kilo) multiplies the integer by 1,024; M (mega) multiplies by 1,048,576; G (giga) multiplies by 1,073,741,824; or T (tera) multiplies by 1,099,511,627,776. For example, a value of 20 specifies 20 observations or records, while a value of 3m specifies 3,145,728 observations or records.

hexX

specifies a number to indicate when to stop processing as a hexadecimal value. You must specify the value beginning with a number (0-9), followed by an X. For example, the hexadecimal value F8 must be specified as 0F8x in order to specify the decimal equivalent of 248. The value 2dx specifies the decimal equivalent of 45.

MIN

sets the number to 0 to indicate when to stop processing.

Interaction:

If OBS=0 and the NOREPLACE option is in effect, then SAS can still take certain actions because it actually executes each DATA and PROC step in the program, using no observations. For example, SAS executes procedures, such as CONTENTS and DATASETS, that process libraries or SAS data sets. External files are also opened and closed. Therefore, even if you specify OBS=0, when your program writes to an external file with a PUT statement, an end-of-file mark is written, and any existing data in the file is deleted.

MAX

sets the number to indicate when to stop processing to the maximum number of observations or records, up to the largest eight-byte, signed integer, which is 2⁶³-1, or approximately 9.2 quintillion. This is the default.

Details

OBS= tells SAS when to stop processing observations or records. To determine when to stop processing, SAS uses the value for OBS= in a formula that includes the value for OBS= and the value for FIRSTOBS=. The formula is

(obs - firstobs) + 1 = results

For example, if OBS=10 and FIRSTOBS=1 (which is the default for FIRSTOBS=), the result is 10 observations or records, that is (10 - 1) + 1 = 10. If OBS=10 and FIRSTOBS=2, the result is nine observations or records, that is, (10 - 2) + 1 = 9.

OBS= is valid for all steps during your current SAS session or until you change the setting.

You can also use OBS= to control analysis of SAS data sets in PROC steps.

If SAS is processing a raw data file, OBS= specifies the last line of data to read. SAS counts a line of input data as one observation, even if the raw data for several SAS data set observations is on a single line.

Operating Environment Information: The syntax that is shown here applies to the OPTIONS statement. On the command line or in a configuration file, the syntax is specific to your operating environment. For details, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment. [cautionend]

Comparisons

An OBS= specification from either a data set option or an INFILE statement option takes precedence over the OBS= system option.
While the OBS= system option specifies an ending point for processing, the FIRSTOBS= system option specifies a starting point. The two options are often used together to define a range of observations to be processed.

Examples

Example 1: Using OBS= to Specify When to Stop Processing Observations

This example illustrates the result of using OBS= to tell SAS when to stop processing observations. This example creates a SAS data set, executes the OPTIONS statement by specifying FIRSTOBS=2 and OBS=12, and executes the PRINT procedure. The result is 11 observations, that is, (12 - 2) + 1 = 11. The result of OBS= in this situation appears to be the observation number that SAS processes last, because the output starts with observation 2, and ends with observation 12, but this result is only a coincidence.

data Ages;
   input Name $ Age;
   datalines;
Miguel 53
Brad 27
Willie 69
Marc 50
Sylvia 40
Arun 25
Gary 40
Becky 51
Alma 39
Tom 62
Kris 66
Paul 60
Randy 43
Barbara 52
Virginia 72
;
options firstobs=2 obs=12;
proc print data=Ages;
run;

PROC PRINT Output Using OBS= and FIRSTOBS=

                    The SAS System                         1

                       Obs    Name      Age

                         2    Brad       27
                         3    Willie     69
                         4    Marc       50
                         5    Sylvia     40
                         6    Arun       25
                         7    Gary       40
                         8    Becky      51
                         9    Alma       39
                        10    Tom        62
                        11    Kris       66
                        12    Paul       60

Example 2: Using OBS= with WHERE Processing

This example illustrates the result of using OBS= along with WHERE processing. The example uses the data set that was created in Example 1, which contains 15 observations, and the example assumes a new SAS session with the defaults FIRSTOBS=1 and OBS=MAX.

First, here is the PRINT procedure with a WHERE statement. The subset of the data results in 12 observations:

proc print data=Ages;                                                                                            
   where Age LT 65;                                                                                                                     
run;

PROC PRINT Output Using a WHERE Statement

                    The SAS System                         1

                       Obs    Name       Age

                         1    Miguel      53
                         2    Brad        27
                         4    Marc        50
                         5    Sylvia      40
                         6    Arun        25
                         7    Gary        40
                         8    Becky       51
                         9    Alma        39
                        10    Tom         62
                        12    Paul        60
                        13    Randy       43
                        14    Barbara     52

Executing the OPTIONS statement with OBS=10 and the PRINT procedure with the WHERE statement results in 10 observations, that is, (10 - 1) + 1 = 10. Note that with WHERE processing, SAS first subsets the data and then SAS applies OBS= to the subset.

options obs=10;
proc print data=Ages;                                                                                            
   where Age LT 65;                                                                                                                     
run;

PROC PRINT Output Using a WHERE Statement and OBS=

                  The SAS System                         2

                       Obs    Name      Age

                         1    Miguel     53
                         2    Brad       27
                         4    Marc       50
                         5    Sylvia     40
                         6    Arun       25
                         7    Gary       40
                         8    Becky      51
                         9    Alma       39
                        10    Tom        62
                        12    Paul       60

The result of OBS= appears to be how many observations to process, because the output consists of 10 observations, ending with the observation number 12. However, the result is only a coincidence. If you apply FIRSTOBS=2 and OBS=10 to the subset, the result is nine observations, that is, (10 - 2) + 1 = 9. OBS= in this situation is neither the observation number to end with nor how many observations to process; the value is used in the formula to determine when to stop processing.

options firstobs=2 obs=10;
proc print data=Ages;                                                                                            
   where Age LT 65;                                                                                                                     
run;

PROC PRINT Output Using WHERE Statement, OBS=, and FIRSTOBS=

                  The SAS System                         3

                       Obs    Name      Age

                         2    Brad       27
                         4    Marc       50
                         5    Sylvia     40
                         6    Arun       25
                         7    Gary       40
                         8    Becky      51
                         9    Alma       39
                        10    Tom        62
                        12    Paul       60

Example 3: Using OBS= When Observations Are Deleted

This example illustrates the result of using OBS= for a data set that has deleted observations. The example uses the data set that was created in Example 1, with observation 6 deleted. The example also assumes a new SAS session with the defaults FIRSTOBS=1 and OBS=MAX.

First, here is PROC PRINT output of the modified file:

&proc print data=Ages;
run;

PROC PRINT Output Showing Observation 6 Deleted

                   The SAS System                         1

                      Obs    Name        Age

                        1    Miguel       53
                        2    Brad         27
                        3    Willie       69
                        4    Marc         50
                        5    Sylvia       40
                        7    Gary         40
                        8    Becky        51
                        9    Alma         39
                       10    Tom          62
                       11    Kris         66
                       12    Paul         60
                       13    Randy        43
                       14    Barbara      52
                       15    Virginia     72

Executing the OPTIONS statement with OBS=12, then the PRINT procedure, results in 12 observations, that is, (12 - 1) + 1 = 12:

options obs=12;
proc print data=Ages;
run;

PROC PRINT Output Using OBS=

                   The SAS System                         2

                       Obs    Name      Age

                         1    Miguel     53
                         2    Brad       27
                         3    Willie     69
                         4    Marc       50
                         5    Sylvia     40
                         7    Gary       40
                         8    Becky      51
                         9    Alma       39
                        10    Tom        62
                        11    Kris       66
                        12    Paul       60
                        13    Randy      43

The result of OBS= appears to be how many observations to process, because the output consists of 12 observations, ending with the observation number 13. However, if you apply FIRSTOBS=2 and OBS=12, the result is 11 observations, that is (12 - 2) + 1 = 11. OBS= in this situation is neither the observation number to end with nor how many observations to process; the value is used in the formula to determine when to stop processing.

options firstobs=2 obs=12;
proc print data=Ages;
run;