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The VARMAX Procedure

Parameter Estimation and Testing on Restrictions

In the previous example, the VARX(1,0) model is written as

     

with

     

In Figure 30.20 of the preceding section, you can see several insignificant parameters. For example, the coefficients XL0_1_2, AR1_1_2, and AR1_3_2 are insignificant.

The following statements restrict the coefficients of for the VARX(1,0) model.

   /*--- Models with Restrictions and Tests ---*/
   
   proc varmax data=grunfeld;
      model y1-y3 = x1 x2 / p=1 print=(estimates);
      restrict XL(0,1,2)=0, AR(1,1,2)=0, AR(1,3,2)=0;
   run;

The output in Figure 30.21 shows that three parameters , , and are replaced by the restricted values, zeros. In the schematic representation of parameter estimates, the three restricted parameters , , and are replaced by .

Figure 30.21 Parameter Estimation with Restrictions
The VARMAX Procedure

XLag
Lag Variable x1 x2
0 y1 1.67592 0.00000
  y2 -6.30880 2.65308
  y3 -0.03576 -0.00919

AR
Lag Variable y1 y2 y3
1 y1 0.27671 0.00000 0.01747
  y2 -2.16968 0.10945 -0.93053
  y3 0.96398 0.00000 0.93412

Schematic Representation
Variable/Lag C XL0 AR1
y1 . +* .*.
y2 + .+ ..-
y3 - .. +*+
+ is > 2*std error,  - is < -2*std error,  . is between,  * is N/A

The output in Figure 30.22 shows the estimates of the Lagrangian parameters and their significance. Based on the -values associated with the Lagrangian parameters, you cannot reject the null hypotheses , , and with the 0.05 significance level.

Figure 30.22 RESTRICT Statement Results
Testing of the Restricted Parameters
Parameter Estimate Standard
Error
t Value Pr > |t|
XL0_1_2 1.74969 21.44026 0.08 0.9389
AR1_1_2 30.36254 70.74347 0.43 0.6899
AR1_3_2 55.42191 164.03075 0.34 0.7524

The TEST statement in the following example tests and for the VARX(1,0) model:

   proc varmax data=grunfeld;
      model y1-y3 = x1 x2 / p=1;
      test AR(1,3,1)=0;
      test XL(0,1,2)=0, AR(1,1,2)=0, AR(1,3,2)=0;
   run;

The output in Figure 30.23 shows that the first column in the output is the index corresponding to each TEST statement. You can reject the hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level, but you cannot reject the joint hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level.

Figure 30.23 TEST Statement Results
The VARMAX Procedure

Testing of the Parameters
Test DF Chi-Square Pr > ChiSq
1 1 150.31 <.0001
2 3 0.34 0.9522

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