specifies a SAS data set containing the and coordinate variables and the VAR statement variables.

suppresses the normal display of results. The NOPRINT option is useful when you want only to create one or more output data sets with the procedure. Note that this option temporarily disables the Output Delivery System (ODS); see the section ODS Graphics for more information.

specifies a SAS data set in which to store the autocorrelation weights information for each pair of points in the DATA= data set. This option should be used with caution when the DATA= data set is large. If denotes the number of observations in the DATA= data set, the OUTACWEIGHTS= data set contains observations.

See the section OUTACWEIGHTS=SAS-data-set for details.

specifies a SAS data set in which to store summary distance information. This data set contains a count of all pairs of data points within a given distance interval. The number of distance intervals is controlled by the NHCLASSES= option in the COMPUTE statement. The OUTDISTANCE= data set is useful for plotting modified histograms of the count data for determining appropriate lag distances.

See the section OUTDIST=SAS-data-set for details.

specifies a SAS data set in which to store distance and angle information for each pair of points in the DATA= data set. This option should be used with caution when the DATA= data set is large. If denotes the number of observations in the DATA= data set, the OUTPAIR= data set contains observations unless you restrict it with the OUTPDISTANCE= option in the COMPUTE statement. The OUTPDISTANCE= option in the COMPUTE statement excludes pairs of points when the distance between the pairs exceeds the OUTPDISTANCE= value.

See the section OUTPAIR=SAS-data-set for details.

specifies a SAS data set in which to store the continuity measures.

See the section OUTVAR=SAS-data-set for details.

controls the plots produced through ODS Graphics. When you specify only one plot request, you can omit the parentheses around the plot request. Here are some examples:

   plots=none
   plots=observ
   plots=(observ semivar)
   plots(unpack)=semivar
   plots=(semivar(cla unpack) semivar semivar(rob))

You must enable ODS Graphics before requesting plots, for example, like this:

   ods graphics on;
   
   proc variogram data=thick;
      compute novariogram;
      coordinates xc=East yc=North;
      var Thick;
   run;
   
   ods graphics off;

For general information about ODS Graphics, see Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS. If you have enabled ODS Graphics but do not specify the PLOTS= option or have specified PLOTS=ALL, then PROC VARIOGRAM produces a default set of plots, which might be different for different COMPUTE statement options, as discussed in the following.

• If you specify NOVARIOGRAM in the COMPUTE statement, the VARIOGRAM procedure produces a scatter plot of your observations spatial distribution, as well as the histogram of the pairwise distances of your data. For an example of the observations plot, see Figure 95.2. For an example of the pairwise distances plot, see Figure 95.4.

• If you do not specify NOVARIOGRAM in the COMPUTE statement, the VARIOGRAM procedure computes the empirical semivariogram for the specified LAGDISTANCE= and MAXLAGS= options. The observations plot appears by default in this case, too. The VARIOGRAM procedure also produces a plot of the classical empirical semivariogram. If you further specify ROBUST in the COMPUTE statement, then the VARIOGRAM procedure instead produces a plot of both the classical and robust empirical semivariograms, in addition to the observations plot. For an example of the empirical semivariograms plot, see Output 95.3.4.

The global-plot-options include the following:

The following individual plot-requests and plot options are available: