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| The TABULATE Procedure |
CLASS Statement
Identifies class variables for the table. Class variables determine the categories that PROC TABULATE uses to calculate statistics.
| Tip: | You can use multiple CLASS statements. |
| Tip: | Some CLASS statement options are also available in the PROC TABULATE statement. They affect all CLASS variables rather than just the ones that you specify in a CLASS statement. |
| CLASS variable(s) </option(s)>; |
| Required Arguments |
- variable(s)
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specifies one or more variables that the procedure uses to group the data. Variables in a CLASS statement are referred to as class variables. Class variables can be numeric or character. Class variables can have continuous values, but they typically have a few discrete values that define the classifications of the variable. You do not have to sort the data by class variables.
Interaction: If a variable name and a statistic name are the same, enclose the statistic name in single or double quotation marks.
| Options |
- ASCENDING
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specifies to sort the class variable values in ascending order.
Alias: ASCEND Interaction: PROC TABULATE issues a warning message if you specify both ASCENDING and DESCENDING and ignores both options. - DESCENDING
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specifies to sort the class variable values in descending order.
Alias: DESCEND Default: ASCENDING Interaction: PROC TABULATE issues a warning message if you specify both ASCENDING and DESCENDING and ignores both options. - EXCLUSIVE
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excludes from tables and output data sets all combinations of class variables that are not found in the preloaded range of user-defined formats.
Requirement: You must specify the PRELOADFMT option in the CLASS statement to preload the class variable formats. Featured in: Using Preloaded Formats with Class Variables - GROUPINTERNAL
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specifies not to apply formats to the class variables when PROC TABULATE groups the values to create combinations of class variables.
- MISSING
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considers missing values as valid class variable levels. Special missing values that represent numeric values (the letters A through Z and the underscore (_) character) are each considered as a separate value.
Default: If you omit MISSING, then PROC TABULATE excludes the observations with any missing CLASS variable values from tables and output data sets. See also: Special Missing Values in SAS Language Reference: Concepts for a discussion of missing values with special meanings. - MLF
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enables PROC TABULATE to use the format label or labels for a given range or overlapping ranges to create subgroup combinations when a multilabel format is assigned to a class variable.
Requirement: You must use PROC FORMAT and the MULTILABEL option in the VALUE statement to create a multilabel format. Interaction: Using MLF with ORDER=FREQ might not produce the order that you expect for the formatted values. Interaction: When you specify MLF, the formatted values of the class variable become internal values. Therefore, specifying ORDER=FORMATTED produces the same results as specifying ORDER=UNFORMATTED. Tip: If you omit MLF, then PROC TABULATE uses the primary format labels, which correspond to the first external format value, to determine the subgroup combinations. See also: The MULTILABEL option in the VALUE statement of the FORMAT procedure. Featured in: Using Multilabel Formats Note: When the formatted values overlap, one internal class variable value maps to more than one class variable subgroup combination. Therefore, the sum of the N statistics for all subgroups is greater than the number of observations in the data set (the overall N statistic).
![[cautionend]](../../../../common/63294/HTML/default/images/cautend.gif)
- ORDER=DATA | FORMATTED | FREQ | UNFORMATTED
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specifies the order to group the levels of the class variables in the output, where
- DATA
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orders values according to their order in the input data set.
- FORMATTED
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orders values by their ascending formatted values. This order depends on your operating environment.
Alias: FMT | EXTERNAL - FREQ
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orders values by descending frequency count.
Interaction: Use the ASCENDING option to order values by ascending frequency count. - UNFORMATTED
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orders values by their unformatted values, which yields the same order as PROC SORT. This order depends on your operating environment. This sort sequence is particularly useful for displaying dates chronologically.
Alias: UNFMT | INTERNAL
Default: UNFORMATTED Interaction: If you use the PRELOADFMT option in the CLASS statement, then PROC TABULATE orders the levels by the order of the values in the user-defined format. Tip: By default, all orders except FREQ are ascending. For descending orders, use the DESCENDING option. Featured in: Understanding the Order of Headings with ORDER=DATA - PRELOADFMT
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specifies that all formats are preloaded for the class variables.
Requirement: PRELOADFMT has no effect unless you specify EXCLUSIVE, ORDER=DATA, or PRINTMISS and you assign formats to the class variables. Note: If you specify PRELOADFMT without also specifying EXCLUSIVE, ORDER=DATA, or PRINTMISS, then SAS writes a warning message to the SAS log.
Interaction: To limit PROC TABULATE output to the combinations of formatted class variable values present in the input data set, use the EXCLUSIVE option in the CLASS statement. Interaction: To include all ranges and values of the user-defined formats in the output, use the PRINTMISS option in the TABLE statement. Note: Use care when you use PRELOADFMT with PRINTMISS. This feature creates all possible combinations of formatted class variables. Some of these combinations might not make sense.
Featured in: Using Preloaded Formats with Class Variables - STYLE=<style-element-name|<PARENT>>[style-attribute-name=style-attribute-value<... style-attribute-name=style-attribute-value>]
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specifies the style element to use for page dimension text and class variable name headings. For information about the arguments of this option, and how it is used, see STYLE= in the PROC TABULATE statement.
Note: The use of STYLE= in the CLASS statement differs slightly from its use in the PROC TABULATE statement. In the CLASS statement, inheritance is different for rows and columns. For rows, the parent heading is located to the left of the current heading. For columns, the parent heading is located above the current heading.
Note: If a page dimension expression contains multiple nested elements, then the Beforecaption style element is the style element of the first element in the nesting.
Alias: S= Restriction: This option affects only the HTML, RTF, and Printer destinations. Tip: To override a style element that is specified for page dimension text in the CLASS statement, you can specify a style element in the TABLE statement page dimension expression. Tip: To override a style element that is specified for a class variable name heading in the CLASS statement, you can specify a style element in the related TABLE statement dimension expression. Featured in: Specifying Style Elements for ODS Output
| How PROC TABULATE Handles Missing Values for Class Variables |
By default, if an observation contains a missing value for any class variable, then PROC TABULATE excludes that observation from all tables that it creates. CLASS statements apply to all TABLE statements in the PROC TABULATE step. Therefore, if you define a variable as a class variable, then PROC TABULATE omits observations that have missing values for that variable from every table even if the variable does not appear in the TABLE statement for one or more tables.
If you specify the MISSING option in the PROC TABULATE statement, then the procedure considers missing values as valid levels for all class variables. If you specify the MISSING option in a CLASS statement, then PROC TABULATE considers missing values as valid levels for the class variables that are specified in that CLASS statement.
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