Typographical Conventions

This book uses various type styles, as explained by the following list:

roman

is the standard type style used for most text.

UPPERCASE ROMAN

is used for SAS statements, options, and other SAS language elements when they appear in the text. However, you can enter these elements in your own SAS code in lowercase, uppercase, or a mixture of the two. This style is also used for identifying arguments and values (in the syntax specifications) that are literals (for example, to denote valid keywords for a specific option).

UPPERCASE BOLD

is used in the Syntax section to identify SAS keywords, such as the names of procedures, statements, and options.

VariableName

is used for the names of SAS variables and data sets when they appear in the text.

oblique

is used to indicate an option variable for which you must supply a value (for example, DUPLICATE=dup indicates that you must supply a value for dup).

italic

is used for terms that are defined in the text, for emphasis, and for publication titles.

monospace

is used to show examples of SAS statements. In most cases, this book uses lowercase type for SAS code. You can enter your own SAS code in lowercase, uppercase, or a mixture of the two.