Currency Representation
U.S. Dollars
The DOLLARw.d formats
and informats were first introduced to read and write American currency.
DOLLARw.d
DOLLARXw.d also writes
currency with a leading dollar sign ($), but uses a dot (.) as the
thousands separator and a comma (,) as the decimal separator. The
reversal of the dot and comma for currency formatting is a convention
used in many European countries.
Localized Euros
Customized Currency Representations
To create a customized
currency representation, you can use the FORMAT procedure. The following
example shows the creation of unique formats for the Australian dollar,
the Swiss franc, and the British pound. For details about the FORMAT
procedure, see Base SAS Procedures Guide.
SAS Code That Customizes Currency Representations
proc format;
picture aud low-<0='0,000,000,009.00'
(prefix='-AU$' mult=100)
0–high='0,000,00,009.00 '
(prefix='AU$' mult=100);
picture sfr low-<0='0,000,000,009.00'
(prefix='-SFr.' mult=100)
0–high='0,000,00,009.00 '
(prefix='-SFr.' mult=100);
picture bpd low-<0='0,000,000,009.00'
(prefix='-BPd.' mult=100)
0–high='0,000,00,009.00 '
(prefix='BPd.' mult=100);
run;
data currency;
input aud sfr bpd 12.2;
datalines;
12345 12345 12345
0 0 0
-12345 -12345 -12345
;
proc print data=currency noobs;
var aud sfr bpd;
format aud aud. sfr sfr. bpd bpd.;
title 'Unique Currency Formats';
run;
Localized National and International Currency Representations
The NLMNYw.d and NLMNYIw.d
formats and informats were introduced to represent localized currency
in two forms:
A primary limitation of using localized national and
international currency representations is their dependence on a value
for the LOCALE= system option.
reflects the customs
and conventions of the locale. National formats are specified using
the NLMNYw.d formats and informats. You must also use the LOCALE=
option to specify the locale when using the NLMNYw.d formats and informats.
The localized renderings
show the native customs for representing currency. For example, although
these selected EMU countries might use the same euro currency, their
depiction of the currency varies. Whereas French_France uses no thousands
separator but uses a comma as a decimal separator, German_Germany
and Spanish_Spain use a dot as a thousands separator and a comma as
a decimal separator.
conforms to ISO standard
4217. International forms are specified using the NLMNYIw.d formats
and informats. International forms are commonly used to show a comparison
of world currencies; for example, for airline ticket, trade, and stock
market pricing. You must also use the LOCALE= option to specify the
locale when using the NLMNYIw.d formats and informats. The letter
“I,” which signifies “International,”
is appended to the format and informat names.
Example:
options locale=english_UnitedStates; data _null_; x=12345; put x
nlmnyi15.2; run;Output: USD12,345.00The international renderings
also reflect native customs for representing currency. For example,
although all locales use a comma as the thousands separator and a
dot as the decimal separator, they vary the placement of the ISO currency
code. Whereas the EMU countries put the currency code after the currency,
English_UnitedStates, German_Switzerland, and Spanish_Venezuela precede
the currency with the ISO code.
Unique National and International Monetary Representations
The NLMNLISOw.d and NLMNIISOw.d formats and informats were introduced to uniquely represent each
currency without having to also use the LOCALE= option to specify
the locale. Each currency is specified by a unique ISO standard 4217
currency code.
is specified by the
unique ISO currency code. National formats are specified using the
NLMNLISOw.d formats and informats.
In the following example, USD is the ISO currency code for American
dollars.
Note: When using the NLMNLISOw.d formats and informats, you do not use
the LOCALE= option to specify the locale.
A currency symbol
or a currency code precedes most currencies. Also used are a comma
as the thousands separator and a dot as the decimal separator. If
the currency symbol of the local currency is not supported in the
current SAS session encoding, the NLMNLxxxw.d format will format the
value with the 3-letter ISO currency code.
is specified by the
unique ISO currency code. International formats are specified using
the NLMNIISOw.d formats and
informats. International forms are commonly used to show a comparison
of world currencies; for example, for airline ticket, trade, and stock
market pricing. The letter “I”, which signifies “International”,
is appended to the format and informat names. In the following example,
USD is the ISO currency code for American dollars.
Note: When using the NLMNIISOw.d formats and informats, you do not use
the LOCALE= option to specify the locale.
Example: Representing Currency in National and International Formats
This SAS program uses
the exchange rates for selected Asia-Pacific countries against the
U.S. dollar. In the output, each country's currency is represented
using a national and an international format.
SAS Code That Formats National and International Currency Formats
data curr;
input ex_date mmddyy. usd aud hkd jpy sgd 12.2;
datalines;
061704 1.00000 1.45349 7.79930 110.110 1.71900 1
;
proc print data=curr noobs label;
var ex_date usd aud hkd jpy sgd;
format ex_date mmddyy. usd nlmnlusd15.2 aud nlmnlaud15.2 hkd
nlmnlhkd15.2
jpy nlmnljpy15.2 sgd nlmnlsgd15.2;
2
label ex_date='Date' usd="US" aud='Australia' hkd='Hong Kong'
jpy='Japan' sgd='Singapore';
title 'Exchange Rates for Selected Asian-Pacific Countries
(Localized Currency Codes)';
proc print data=curr noobs label;
var ex_date usd aud hkd jpy sgd;
format ex_date mmddyy. usd nlmniusd15.2 aud nlmniaud15.2 hkd
nlmnihkd15.2
jpy nlmnijpy15.2 sgd nlmnisgd15.2;
3
label ex_date='Date' usd="US" aud='Australia' hkd='Hong Kong'
jpy='Japan' sgd='Singapore';
title 'Exchange Rates for Selected Asian-Pacific Countries
(International Currency Codes)';
run; 