The RANKTIE function creates a new matrix that contains elements that are the ranks of the corresponding elements of matrix. The rank of a missing value is a missing value. The ranks of tied values are computed by using one of several methods.
The arguments to the function are as follows:
specifies the data.
specifies the method used to compute the ranking of tied values. These methods correspond to those defined by using the TIES= option in the RANK procedure. For details, see the “Concepts” section of the documentation for the RANK procedure in the Base SAS Procedures Guide.
The following values are valid:
specifies that tied elements are assigned rankings equal to the mean of the tied elements. This is the default method. This method is known as a fractional competition ranking.
specifies that tied elements are assigned rankings equal to the minimum order rank of the tied elements. This method is known as a standard competition ranking.
specifies that tied elements are assigned rankings equal to the maximum rank of the tied elements. This method is known as a modified competition ranking.
specifies that ranks are consecutive integers that begin with 1 and end with the number of unique, nonmissing values. Tied values are assigned the same rank. This method is known as a dense ranking.
The RANKTIE function differs from the RANK function in that the RANK function breaks ties arbitrarily.
For example, the following statements produce ranks of a vector by using several different methods of breaking ties:
x = {4 4 0 6};
rMean = ranktie(x); /* default is "Mean" */
rLow = ranktie(x, "Low");
rHigh = ranktie(x, "High");
rDense = ranktie(x, "Dense");
print rMean, rLow, rHigh, rDense;
Figure 23.272: Numerical Ranks of a Vector
| rMean | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 4 |
| rLow | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| rHigh | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| rDense | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Although the RANKTIE function ranks only the elements of numerical matrices, you can rank the elements of a character matrix by using the UNIQUE function, as demonstrated by the following statements:
/* Create RANKTIE-like functionality for character matrices */
start ranktiec(x);
s = unique(x);
idx = j(nrow(x), ncol(x));
ctr = 1; /* there can be duplicate values in x */
do i = 1 to ncol(s); /* for each unique value */
t = loc(x = s[i]);
nDups = ncol(t);
idx[t] = ctr+(nDups-1)/2; /* =(ctr:ctr+nDups-1)[:] */
ctr = ctr + nDups;
end;
return (idx);
finish;
/* call the RANKTIEC module */
x = {every good boy does fine and good and well every day};
rtc = ranktiec(x);
print rtc[colname=x];
Figure 23.273: Numerical Ranks of a Character Vector
| rtc | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EVERY | GOOD | BOY | DOES | FINE | AND | GOOD | AND | WELL | EVERY | DAY | |
| ROW1 | 6.5 | 9.5 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 1.5 | 9.5 | 1.5 | 11 | 6.5 | 4 |