Glossary

browser

See web browser.

co-located data provider

a distributed data source, such as SAS Visual Analytics Hadoop or a third-party vendor database, that has SAS High-Performance Analytics software installed on the same machines. The SAS software on each machine processes the data that is local to the machine or that the data source makes available as the result of a query.

data set

See SAS data set.

data warehouse (warehouse)

a collection of pre-categorized data that is extracted from one or more sources for the purpose of query, reporting, and analysis. Data warehouses are generally used for storing large amounts of data that originates in other corporate applications or that is extracted from external data sources.

deployment plan

information about what software should be installed and configured on each machine in a SAS deployment. A deployment plan is stored in a plan.xml file.

encryption

the conversion of data by the use of algorithms or other means into an unintelligible form in order to secure data (for example, passwords) in transmission and in storage.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

a markup language that structures information by tagging it for content, meaning, or use. Structured information contains both content (for example, words or numbers) and an indication of what role the content plays. For example, content in a section heading has a different meaning from content in a database table.

foundation services

See SAS Foundation Services.

grid host

the machine to which the SAS client makes an initial connection in a SAS High-Performance Analytics application.

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)

a portable, scalable framework, written in Java, for managing large files as blocks of equal size. The files are replicated across multiple host machines in a Hadoop cluster in order to provide fault tolerance.

HDFS

See Hadoop Distributed File System.

high-performance root node

See root node.

identity

See metadata identity.

Integrated Windows authentication (IWA)

a Microsoft technology that facilitates use of authentication protocols such as Kerberos. In the SAS implementation, all participating components must be in the same Windows domain or in domains that trust each other.

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

a protocol that specifies the format for network addresses for all computers that are connected to the Internet. This protocol, which is the successor of Internet Protocol Version 4, uses hexadecimal notation to represent 128-bit address spaces. The format can consist of up to eight groups of four hexadecimal characters, delimited by colons, as in FE80:0000:0000:0000:0202:B3FF:FE1E:8329. As an alternative, a group of consecutive zeros could be replaced with two colons, as in FE80::0202:B3FF:FE1E:8329.

IPv6

See Internet Protocol Version 6.

IWA

See Integrated Windows authentication.

JAR (Java Archive)

the name of a package file format that is typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file to distribute application software or libraries on the Java platform.

Java

a set of technologies for creating software programs in both stand-alone environments and networked environments, and for running those programs safely. Java is an Oracle Corporation trademark.

Java Archive

See JAR.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

a standard interface for accessing SQL databases. JDBC provides uniform access to a wide range of relational databases. It also provides a common base on which higher-level tools and interfaces can be built.

Java Development Kit (JDK)

a software development environment that is available from Oracle Corporation. The JDK includes a Java Runtime Environment (JRE), a compiler, a debugger, and other tools for developing Java applets and applications.

JDBC

See Java Database Connectivity.

JDK

See Java Development Kit.

localhost

the keyword that is used to specify the machine on which a program is executing. If a client specifies localhost as the server address, the client connects to a server that runs on the same machine.

login

a SAS copy of information about an external account. Each login includes a user ID and belongs to one SAS user or group. Most logins do not include a password.

Message Passing Interface (MPI)

a standardized and portable message-passing system that was designed to function on a wide variety of parallel computers. SAS Analytics applications implement MPI for use in high-performance computing environments.

metadata identity (identity)

a metadata object that represents an individual user or a group of users in a SAS metadata environment. Each individual and group that accesses secured resources on a SAS Metadata Server should have a unique metadata identity within that server.

metadata object

a set of attributes that describe a table, a server, a user, or another resource on a network. The specific attributes that a metadata object includes vary depending on which metadata model is being used.

middle tier

in a SAS business intelligence system, the architectural layer in which web applications and related services execute. The middle tier receives user requests, applies business logic and business rules, interacts with processing servers and data servers, and returns information to users.

MPI

See Message Passing Interface.

object spawner (spawner)

a program that instantiates object servers that are using an IOM bridge connection. The object spawner listens for incoming client requests for IOM services.

planned deployment

a method of installing and configuring a SAS business intelligence system. This method requires a deployment plan that contains information about the different hosts that are included in the system and the software and SAS servers that are to be deployed on each host. The deployment plan then serves as input to the SAS Deployment Wizard.

root node (high-performance root node)

in a SAS High-Performance Analytics application, the software that distributes and coordinates the workload of the worker nodes. In most deployments the root node runs on the machine that is identified as the grid host. SAS High-Performance Analytics applications assign the highest MPI rank to the root node.

SAS Application Server

a logical entity that represents the SAS server tier, which in turn comprises servers that execute code for particular tasks and metadata objects.

SAS authentication

a form of authentication in which the target SAS server is responsible for requesting or performing the authentication check. SAS servers usually meet this responsibility by asking another component (such as the server's host operating system, an LDAP provider, or the SAS Metadata Server) to perform the check. In a few cases (such as SAS internal authentication to the metadata server), the SAS server performs the check for itself. A configuration in which a SAS server trusts that another component has pre-authenticated users (for example, web authentication) is not part of SAS authentication.

SAS configuration directory

the location where configuration information for a SAS deployment is stored. The configuration directory contains configuration files, logs, scripts, repository files, and other items for the SAS software that is installed on the machine.

SAS data set (data set)

a file whose contents are in one of the native SAS file formats. There are two types of SAS data sets: SAS data files and SAS data views.

SAS Deployment Manager

a cross-platform utility that manages SAS deployments. The SAS Deployment Manager supports functions such as updating passwords for your SAS deployment, rebuilding SAS web applications, and removing configurations.

SAS Deployment Wizard

a cross-platform utility that installs and initially configures many SAS products. Using a SAS installation data file and, when appropriate, a deployment plan for its initial input, the wizard prompts the customer for other necessary input at the start of the session, so that there is no need to monitor the entire deployment.

SAS Foundation Services (foundation services)

a set of core infrastructure services that programmers can use in developing distributed applications that are integrated with the SAS platform. These services provide basic underlying functions that are common to many applications. These functions include making client connections to SAS application servers, dynamic service discovery, user authentication, profile management, session context management, metadata and content repository access, information publishing, and stored process execution.

SAS installation data file

See SID file.

SAS installation directory

the location where your SAS software is installed. This location is the parent directory to the installation directories of all SAS products. The SAS installation directory is also referred to as SAS Home in the SAS Deployment Wizard.

SAS IOM workspace (workspace)

in the IOM object hierarchy for a SAS Workspace Server, an object that represents a single session in SAS.

SAS Metadata Server

a multi-user server that enables users to read metadata from or write metadata to one or more SAS Metadata Repositories.

SAS Pooled Workspace Server

a SAS Workspace Server that is configured to use server-side pooling. In this configuration, the SAS object spawner maintains a collection of workspace server processes that are available for clients.

SAS Software Depot

a file system that consists of a collection of SAS installation files that represents one or more orders. The depot is organized in a specific format that is meaningful to the SAS Deployment Wizard, which is the tool that is used to install and initially configure SAS. The depot contains the SAS Deployment Wizard executable, one or more deployment plans, a SAS installation data file, order data, and product data.

SAS Stored Process Server

a SAS IOM server that is launched in order to fulfill client requests for SAS Stored Processes.

SAS Workspace Server

a SAS server that provides access to SAS Foundation features such as the SAS programming language and SAS libraries.

SASHDAT file format

a SAS proprietary data format that is optimized for high performance and computing efficiency. For distributed servers, SASHDAT files are read in parallel. When used with the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), the file takes advantage of data replication for fault-tolerant data access.

SASHOME directory

the location in a file system where an instance of SAS software is installed on a computer. The location of the SASHOME directory is established at the initial installation of SAS software by the SAS Deployment Wizard. That location becomes the default installation location for any other SAS software that is installed on the same computer.

server context

a SAS IOM server concept that describes how SAS Application Servers manage client requests. A SAS Application Server has an awareness (or context) of how it is being used and makes decisions based on that awareness. For example, when a SAS Data Integration Studio client submits code to its SAS Application Server, the server determines what type of code is submitted and directs it to the correct physical server for processing (in this case, a SAS Workspace Server).

server description file

a file that is created by a SAS client when the LASR procedure executes to create a server. The file contains information about the machines that are used by the server. It also contains the name of the server signature file that controls access to the server.

SID file (SAS installation data file)

a control file containing license information that is required in order to install SAS.

single sign-on (SSO)

an authentication model that enables users to access a variety of computing resources without being repeatedly prompted for their user IDs and passwords. For example, single sign-on can enable a user to access SAS servers that run on different platforms without interactively providing the user's ID and password for each platform. Single sign-on can also enable someone who is using one application to launch other applications based on the authentication that was performed when the user initially logged on.

SOE

See software order email.

software order email (SOE)

an email message, sent to a customer site, that announces arrival of the software and describes the order. It explains the initial installation steps and might also contain instructions for using Electronic Software Delivery (ESD), if applicable.

spawner

See object spawner.

SSO

See single sign-on.

trusted user

a privileged service account that can act on behalf of other users on a connection to the metadata server.

unrestricted identity

a user or group that has all capabilities and permissions in the metadata environment due to membership in the META: Unrestricted Users Role (or listing in the adminUsers.txt file with a preceding asterisk).

update mode

an operating state of the SAS Deployment Wizard in which users are required to install software updates before they can perform any other deployment tasks. The SAS Deployment Wizard automatically goes into update mode when it determines that the current SAS order contains new versions or maintenance updates to the deployed products in a given SAS installation directory.

warehouse

See data warehouse.

web application

an application that is accessed via a web browser over a network such as the Internet or an intranet. SAS web applications are Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) applications that are delivered via web application archive (WAR) files. The applications can depend on Java and non-Java web technologies.

web authentication

a configuration in which users of web applications and web services are verified at the web perimeter, and the metadata server trusts that verification.

web browser (browser)

a software application that is used to view web content, and also to download or upload information. The browser submits URL (Uniform Resource Locator) requests to a web server and then translates the HTML code into a visual display.

worker node

in a SAS High-Performance Analytics application, the role of the software that receives the workload from the root node.

workspace

See SAS IOM workspace.

XML

See Extensible Markup Language.