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Creating Output with ODS

In the past, the term "output" has generally referred to the outcome of a SAS procedure step. You could send this output to the Output window if you were working in a windowing environment, to an output device if you were working in line mode, or to a file if you used PROC PRINTTO or SAS system options.

With the advent of the Output Delivery System, "output" takes on a much broader meaning. The following figure illustrates the concept of output for Version 8 SAS. Definitions of the terms in the figure follow.

Model of the Production of ODS Output

data component

Each procedure that supports ODS and each DATA step produces one or more data components. Each data component contains results (numbers and characters) of the step in a form similar to a SAS data set.

table definition

A table definition is a description of how to render a tabular data component. (Almost all ODS output is tabular.) This description includes but is not limited to

• the order of the columns

• text and order of column headers

• formats for data

• font sizes and font faces.

Note:    Not all procedures use a table definition.

Procedures like PROC CHART and PROC TIMEPLOT need to use a monospace font to correctly align their results. Such procedures do not use a table definition. The HTML and Printer output that they produce do not substantially differ from the Listing output. You cannot alter their HTML or Printer output except by specifying a different style definition. See the discussion of STYLE= (for the HTML destination) or the discussion of STYLE= (for the Printer destination).

Procedures like PROC PRINT, PROC REPORT, and PROC TABULATE produce an endless variety of results, depending on how you use the procedures. These procedures don't use a table definition either. However, both PROC REPORT and PROC TABULATE provide ways for you to customize their HTML and Printer output. For more information, consult "Customizing the Style Definition that ODS Uses" in Chapter 2 of SAS Procedures Guide, as well as the sections on these two procedures in the same document.  

output object

ODS binds a table definition to a data component in order to produce an output object. The output object, therefore, contains both the results of the procedure or DATA step and information about how to render the results. An output object has a name and a label.

Note:    Although many output objects include a table definition, not all do. In some cases the output object is no more than the data component.  

ODS destinations

ODS currently supports four destinations:

• The Listing destination produces monospace output, which is formatted like traditional SAS procedure output.

• The HTML destination produces output that is formatted in Hypertext Markup Language.

• The Printer destination produces output that is formatted for high-resolution printers.

• The Output destination produces SAS data sets.

ODS output

ODS output consists of formatted output objects from any of the ODS destinations. The Output destination produces SAS data sets. The Listing, HTML, and Printer destinations produce Listing output, HTML output, and Printer output.

Traditional SAS output is, then, one kind of ODS output (Listing output), but it is no longer the only kind.

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