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COBOL uses a picture clause for data description.  The COBOL PICTURE
and USAGE are used to determine the data type and the corresponding
SAS informat.  Pictures using an X represent character values.
Pictures using a 9 represent numeric values which may also contain a S
to indicate the value is signed and a V to show the location of an
implied decimal point.  Pictures using a 9 that also contain a USAGE
or an S (signed) indicate the non-standard numeric type of the value.
The term non-standard numeric refers to numeric values such as packed
decimal, zoned decimal, real binary and integer binary.

The COBOL PICTURE describes the actual (resulting) width of the value
by the number of X's or 9's in the picture or by the number within
parentheses immediately after the X or 9.  A character value with a
width of 5 is specified as:  PIC XXXXX or PIC X(5).

The following table shows how the COBOL PICTURE and USAGE correspond
to SAS informats.  Native system indicates the value is being read on
the same system which it was created.  Non-native indicates the value
is in IBM (mainframe) format and is being read on a different (non
IBM) system.

                              NATIVE SYSTEM         NON-NATIVE SYSTEM
COBOL PICTURE                 INFORMAT              INFORMAT
-------------                 -------------         -----------------
PIC X(n)                      $w. or $CHARw.        $EBCDICw.

PIC 9(int)V9(fract)           w.d                   S370FF

PIC 9(int)V9(fract) COMP-3    PK or S370FPDU        PK or S370FPDU

PIC S9(int)V9(fract) COMP-3   PD                    S370FPD

PIC 9(int)V9(fract) DISPLAY   S370FZDU              S370FZDU

PIC S9(int)V9(fract) DISPLAY  ZD                    S370FZD

PIC S9(int)V9(fract) DISPLAY
 SIGN LEADING                 S370FZDL              S370FZDL

PIC S9(int)V9(fract) DISPLAY
 SIGN LEADING SEPARATE        S370FZDS              S370FZDS

PIC S9(int)V9(fract) DISPLAY
 SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE       S370FZDT              S370FZDT

PIC 9(int)V9(fract) COMP      S370FIBU              S370FIBU

PIC S9(int)V9(fract) COMP     IB or PIB             S370FIB or S370FPIB

no picture but usage COMP-1   RB4.                  S370FRB4.

no picture but usage COMP-2   RB8.                  S370FRB8.

Notes:

  1. If the picture contains a signed numeric without a USAGE
     then the USAGE type is DISPLAY.

  2. The PK and S370FPDU informats both read unsigned packed
     decimal, but the difference is that PK reads values which do
     not contain a sign bit and that S370FPDU reads IBM mainframe
     values which always contain an F as the sign in the
     right-most bit.

  3. The S370FIBU informat reads unsigned integer binary values
     stored in IBM mainframe format.  The PIB informat reads
     positive integer binary values, treats all values as
     positive and includes the sign bit as part of the value.
     The S370FPIB informat reads positive integer binary values
     stored in IBM mainframe format, treats all values as
     positive and includes the sign bit as part of the value.

Use the following chart to determine the correct width and decimal
specification to use with the SAS informat:

   USAGE                       WIDTH                     DECIMAL
   -----                       -----                     -------
   DISPLAY (Zoned Decimal)     (int+fract)               (fract)

   COMP-3 (Packed Decimal)     CEIL((int+fract+1)/2)     (fract)

   COMP (Integer Binary):
    if  1<=(int+fract)<=4      2                         (fract)
    if  5<=(int+fract)<=9      4                         (fract)
    if 10<=(int+fract)<=18     8                         (fract)

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