Examples for PROC FACTOR from Harman
/****************************************************************/
/* S A S S A M P L E L I B R A R Y */
/* */
/* NAME: FACTHARM */
/* TITLE: Examples for PROC FACTOR from Harman */
/* PRODUCT: SAS */
/* SYSTEM: ALL */
/* KEYS: factor analysis, multivariate analysis */
/* PROCS: PRINT, FACTOR, SCORE */
/* DATA: */
/* */
/* SUPPORT: yiyung UPDATE: Sep 9, 2007 */
/* REF: Modern Factor Analysis, Harry H. Harman, 2nd ed. */
/* MISC: */
/* */
/****************************************************************/
*-----------------------Examples from Harman----------------------*
| |
| The following examples are taken from Harry H. Harman's classic |
| book "Modern Factor Analysis", 2nd ed, Univ. of Chicago Press, |
| 1967. Computing methods have improved dramatically since 1967, |
| so the results from proc factor will not agree exactly with |
| those given in Harman. |
| |
*----------------------------------------------------------wss----;
data hypoth6(type=corr);
title 'Six Hypothetical Variables';
title2 'See pp 88-92 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
input _type_ $ 1-8 _name_ $ 9-16
x1 17-20 x2 21-24 x3 25-28 x4 29-32
x5 33-36 x6 37-40;
datalines;
corr x1 1.00
corr x2 .721.00
corr x3 .75 .781.00
corr x4 .49 .42 .351.00
corr x5 .42 .36 .30 .421.00
corr x6 .28 .24 .20 .28 .241.00
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=2 rotate=quartimax norm=weight;
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data socecon;
title 'Five Socio-Economic Variables';
title2 'See page 14 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
input pop 1-9 school 10-19 employ 20-29 services 30-39
house 40-49;
label pop='total population' school='median school years'
employ='total employment' services='misc. professional services'
house='median value house';
datalines;
5700 12.8 2500 270 25000
1000 10.9 600 10 10000
3400 8.8 1000 10 9000
3800 13.6 1700 140 25000
4000 12.8 1600 140 25000
8200 8.3 2600 60 12000
1200 11.4 400 10 16000
9100 11.5 3300 60 14000
9900 12.5 3400 180 18000
9600 13.7 3600 390 25000
9600 9.6 3300 80 12000
9400 11.4 4000 100 13000
;
run;
proc print;
run;
ods graphics on;
proc factor outstat=fact1 method=principal nfact=2 rotate=varimax score
plots=(loadings initloadings);
title2 'See pages 137 & 310 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc print; by _type_ notsorted;
title2 'Output Data Set from Proc Factor';
run;
proc score score=fact1 data=socecon out=scores;
title2 'Factor Scores';
proc print;
run;
proc factor data=fact1 method=prin nfact=2;
priors smc;
title2 'See page 162 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor data=fact1 method=ml nfact=2 heywood;
title2 'See page 229 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data phys8(type=corr /* df=304 */);
title 'Eight Physical Variables';
title2 'See page 80 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
input _name_ $ 1-8
var1 9-16 var2 17-24 var3 25-32 var4 33-40
var5 41-48 var6 49-56 var7 57-64 var8 65-72;
if _n_=1 then _type_='n '; else _type_='corr';
label var1='height' var2='arm span' var3='length of forearm'
var4='length of lower leg'
var5='weight' var6='bitrochanteric diameter'
var7='chest girth' var8='chest wid';
datalines;
df 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
var1 1.0 .846 .805 .859 .473 .398 .301 .382
var2 .846 1.0 .881 .826 .376 .326 .277 .415
var3 .805 .881 1.0 .801 .380 .319 .237 .345
var4 .859 .826 .801 1.0 .436 .329 .327 .365
var5 .473 .376 .380 .436 1.0 .762 .730 .629
var6 .398 .326 .319 .329 .762 1.0 .583 .577
var7 .301 .277 .237 .327 .730 .583 1.0 .539
var8 .382 .415 .345 .365 .629 .577 .539 1.0
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=prin nfact=2 outstat=fact plots=(loadings);
priors .854 .897 .833 .783 .870 .687 .521 .579;
title2 'See pp 154-155 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc print;
by _type_ notsorted;
title2 'Output Data Set from Proc Factor';
run;
proc factor rotate=varimax plots=(loadings);
title2 'Varimax Rotation: Harman, page 309';
run;
ods graphics off;
proc factor method=uls nfact=2;
title2 'See Page 205 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=3 heywood;
run;
proc factor method=ml nfact=3 heywood;
title2 'See Page 228 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data emotion8(type=corr /* df=100 */);
title 'Eight Emotional Variables: Harman, page 164';
input _type_ $ _name_ $
sociabil sorrow tender joy wonder disgust anger fear;
datalines;
corr sociabil 1.00 .83 .81 .80 .71 .54 .53 .24
corr sorrow .83 1.0 .87 .62 .59 .58 .44 .45
corr tender .81 .87 1.00 .63 .37 .30 .12 .33
corr joy .80 .62 .63 1.00 .49 .30 .28 .29
corr wonder .71 .59 .37 .49 1.00 .34 .55 .19
corr disgust .54 .58 .30 .30 .34 1.00 .38 .21
corr anger .53 .44 .12 .28 .55 .38 1.00 .10
corr fear .24 .45 .33 .29 .19 .21 .10 1.00
n df 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=prin nfact=2;
priors .94 .94 .89 .50 .57 .28 .63 .12;
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=2;
priors max;
title 'Eight Emotional Variables: Harman, page 206';
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data spear5 (type=corr /* df=100 */ label='Spearman''s Example');
title 'Spearman''s Five Variables: Harman, pp 116,391-392';
input _type_ $ 1-8 _name_ $ 9-16
test1 17-20 test2 21-24 test3 25-28
test4 29-32 test5 33-36;
label test1='mathematical judgement' test2='controlled association'
test3='literary interpretation' test4='selective judgement'
test5='spelling';
datalines;
corr test1 1.00
corr test2 .4851.00
corr test3 .400.3971.00
corr test4 .397.397.3351.00
corr test5 .295.247.275.1951.00
n df 101 101 101 101 101
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=ml nfact=1;
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data heywood(type=corr /* df=100 */
label='Harman''s heywood case example');
title 'Heywood Example: Harman, pp 117,391';
input _type_ $ 1-8 _name_ $ 9-16
x1 17-20 x2 21-24 x3 25-28 x4 29-32 x5 33-36;
datalines;
corr x1 1.00
corr x2 .9451.00
corr x3 .840.7201.00
corr x4 .735.630.5601.00
corr x5 .630.540.480.4201.00
n df 101 101 101 101 101
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=1 heywood;
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=1 ultraheywood;
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data psych9 (type=corr /* df=100 */
label='Nine Psychological Variables');
title 'Nine Psychological Variables: Harman, page 244';
input _type_ $ 1-8 _name_ $ 9-16
x1 17-20 x2 21-24 x3 25-28 x4 29-32 x5 33-36
x6 37-40 x7 41-44 x8 45-48 x9 49-52;
label
x1='word meaning' x2='sentence composition' x3='odd words'
x4='mixed arithmetic' x5='remainders' x6='missing numbers'
x7='gloves' x8='boots' x9='hatchets';
datalines;
corr x1 1.00
corr x2 .751.00
corr x3 .78 .721.00
corr x4 .44 .52 .471.00
corr x5 .45 .53 .48 .821.00
corr x6 .51 .58 .54 .82 .741.00
corr x7 .21 .23 .28 .33 .37 .351.00
corr x8 .30 .32 .37 .33 .36 .38 .451.00
corr x9 .31 .30 .37 .31 .36 .38 .52 .671.00
n df 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=prin rotate=hk ;
priors .81 .69 .75 .91 .74 .74 .35 .58 .77;
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data politic8(type=corr /* df=147 */
label='Harmans Eight Political Variables');
title 'Eight Political Variables: Harman, page 166';
input _type_ $ 1-8 _name_ $ 9-16
lewis 17-20 roosevel 21-24 partyv 25-28 rental 29-32
homeown 33-36 unemploy 37-40 mobility 41-44 educatn 45-48;
datalines;
corr lewis 1.00
corr roosevel .841.00
corr partyv .62 .841.00
corr rental -.53-.68-.761.00
corr homeown .03-.05 .08-.251.00
corr unemploy .57 .76 .81-.80 .251.00
corr mobility-.33-.35-.51 .62-.72-.581.00
corr educatn -.63-.73-.81 .88-.36-.84 .681.00
n df 148 148 148 148 148 148 148 148
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=prin nfact=2 outstat=fact;
priors .52 1 .78 .82 .36 .8 .63 .97;
run;
proc factor rotate=varimax ;
title 'Eight Political Variables: Harman, page 424';
run;
proc factor rotate=quartimax ;
title 'Eight Political Variables: Harman, page 423';
run;
proc factor rotate=hk ;
title 'Eight Political Variables: Harman, page 332';
run;
proc factor rotate=promax ;
title 'Eight Political Variables';
run;
*-----------------------------------------------------------------;
data psych24(/* df=145 */ type=corr);
title 'Twenty Four Psychological Tests';
title2 'See Pages 124-125 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
input _name_ $ test1-test24;
if _n_=1 then _type_='n '; else _type_='corr';
label
test1='visual perception' test2='cubes'
test3='paper form board' test4='flags'
test5='general information' test6='paragraph comprehension'
test7='sentence completion' test8='word classification'
test9='word meaning' test10='addition'
test11='code' test12='counting dots'
test13='straight-curved capitals' test14='word recognition'
test15='number recognition' test16='figure recognition'
test17='object - number' test18='number - figure'
test19='figure - word' test20='deduction'
test21='numerical puzzles' test22='problem reasoning'
test23='series completion' test24='arithmetic problems';
datalines;
df 146 146 146 146 146
146 146 146 146 146
146 146 146 146 146
146 146 146 146 146
146 146 146 146
test1 1.000 0.318 0.403 0.468 0.321
0.335 0.304 0.332 0.326 0.116
0.308 0.314 0.489 0.125 0.238
0.414 0.176 0.368 0.270 0.365
0.369 0.413 0.474 0.282
test2 0.318 1.000 0.317 0.230 0.285
0.234 0.157 0.157 0.195 0.057
0.150 0.145 0.239 0.103 0.131
0.272 0.005 0.255 0.112 0.292
0.306 0.232 0.348 0.211
test3 0.403 0.317 1.000 0.305 0.247
0.268 0.223 0.382 0.184 -0.075
0.091 0.140 0.321 0.177 0.065
0.263 0.177 0.211 0.312 0.297
0.165 0.250 0.383 0.203
test4 0.468 0.230 0.305 1.000 0.227
0.327 0.335 0.391 0.325 0.099
0.110 0.160 0.327 0.066 0.127
0.322 0.187 0.251 0.137 0.339
0.349 0.380 0.335 0.248
test5 0.321 0.285 0.247 0.227 1.000
0.622 0.656 0.578 0.723 0.311
0.344 0.215 0.344 0.280 0.229
0.187 0.208 0.263 0.190 0.398
0.318 0.441 0.435 0.420
test6 0.335 0.234 0.268 0.327 0.622
1.000 0.722 0.527 0.714 0.203
0.353 0.095 0.309 0.292 0.251
0.291 0.273 0.167 0.251 0.435
0.263 0.386 0.431 0.433
test7 0.304 0.157 0.223 0.335 0.656
0.722 1.000 0.619 0.685 0.246
0.232 0.181 0.345 0.236 0.172
0.180 0.228 0.159 0.226 0.451
0.314 0.396 0.405 0.437
test8 0.332 0.157 0.382 0.391 0.578
0.527 0.619 1.000 0.532 0.285
0.300 0.271 0.395 0.252 0.175
0.296 0.255 0.250 0.274 0.427
0.362 0.357 0.501 0.388
test9 0.326 0.195 0.184 0.325 0.723
0.714 0.685 0.532 1.000 0.170
0.280 0.113 0.280 0.260 0.248
0.242 0.274 0.208 0.274 0.446
0.266 0.483 0.504 0.424
test10 0.116 0.057 -0.075 0.099 0.311
0.203 0.246 0.285 0.170 1.000
0.484 0.585 0.408 0.172 0.154
0.124 0.289 0.317 0.190 0.173
0.405 0.160 0.262 0.531
test11 0.308 0.150 0.091 0.110 0.344
0.353 0.232 0.300 0.280 0.484
1.000 0.428 0.535 0.350 0.240
0.314 0.362 0.350 0.290 0.202
0.399 0.304 0.251 0.412
test12 0.314 0.145 0.140 0.160 0.215
0.095 0.181 0.271 0.113 0.585
0.428 1.000 0.512 0.131 0.173
0.119 0.278 0.349 0.110 0.246
0.355 0.193 0.350 0.414
test13 0.489 0.239 0.321 0.327 0.344
0.309 0.345 0.395 0.280 0.408
0.535 0.512 1.000 0.195 0.139
0.281 0.194 0.323 0.263 0.241
0.425 0.279 0.382 0.358
test14 0.125 0.103 0.177 0.066 0.280
0.292 0.236 0.252 0.260 0.172
0.350 0.131 0.195 1.000 0.370
0.412 0.341 0.201 0.206 0.302
0.183 0.243 0.242 0.304
test15 0.238 0.131 0.065 0.127 0.229
0.251 0.172 0.175 0.248 0.154
0.240 0.173 0.139 0.370 1.000
0.325 0.345 0.334 0.192 0.272
0.232 0.246 0.256 0.165
test16 0.414 0.272 0.263 0.322 0.187
0.291 0.180 0.296 0.242 0.124
0.314 0.119 0.281 0.412 0.325
1.000 0.324 0.344 0.258 0.388
0.348 0.283 0.360 0.262
test17 0.176 0.005 0.177 0.187 0.208
0.273 0.228 0.255 0.274 0.289
0.362 0.278 0.194 0.341 0.345
0.324 1.000 0.448 0.324 0.262
0.173 0.273 0.287 0.326
test18 0.368 0.255 0.211 0.251 0.263
0.167 0.159 0.250 0.208 0.317
0.350 0.349 0.323 0.201 0.334
0.344 0.448 1.000 0.358 0.301
0.357 0.317 0.272 0.405
test19 0.270 0.112 0.312 0.137 0.190
0.251 0.226 0.274 0.274 0.190
0.290 0.110 0.263 0.206 0.192
0.258 0.324 0.358 1.0 0.167
0.331 0.342 0.303 0.374
test20 0.365 0.292 0.297 0.339 0.398
0.435 0.451 0.427 0.446 0.173
0.202 0.246 0.241 0.302 0.272
0.388 0.262 0.301 0.167 1.000
0.413 0.463 0.509 0.366
test21 0.369 0.306 0.165 0.349 0.318
0.263 0.314 0.362 0.266 0.405
0.399 0.355 0.425 0.183 0.232
0.348 0.173 0.357 0.331 0.413
1.000 0.374 0.451 0.448
test22 0.413 0.232 0.250 0.380 0.441
0.386 0.396 0.357 0.483 0.160
0.304 0.193 0.279 0.243 0.246
0.283 0.273 0.317 0.342 0.463
0.374 1.000 0.503 0.375
test23 0.474 0.348 0.383 0.335 0.435
0.431 0.405 0.501 0.504 0.262
0.251 0.350 0.382 0.242 0.256
0.360 0.287 0.272 0.303 0.509
0.451 0.503 1.0 0.434
test24 0.282 0.211 0.203 0.248 0.420
0.433 0.437 0.388 0.424 0.531
0.412 0.414 0.358 0.304 0.165
0.262 0.326 0.405 0.374 0.366
0.448 0.375 0.434 1.000
;
run;
proc print;
run;
proc factor method=prin nfact=10;
title2 'See Page 168 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor method=prin nfact=5;
priors smc;
title2 'See Page 170 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor method=ml nfact=4;
title2 'See Page 231 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=5 residuals;
title2 'See pp 208-209 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor method=uls nfact=4 outstat=fact;
title2 'See Page 209 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor rotate=varimax;
title2 'See Page 311 of Harman: Modern Factor Analysis, 2nd ed';
run;
proc factor rotate=quartimax;
run;
