Glossary
- browser
- See web browser
- co-located data provider
- a distributed data source, such as SAS Visual
Analytics Hadoop or a third-party vendor database, that has SAS High-Performance
Analytics software installed on the same machines. The SAS software
on each machine processes the data that is local to the machine or
that the data source makes available as the result of a query.
- data set
- See SAS data set
- data warehouse
- a collection of data that is extracted from one
or more sources for the purpose of query, reporting, and analysis.
Data warehouses are generally used for storing large amounts of data
that originates in other corporate applications or that is extracted
from external data sources.
- encryption
- the act or process of converting data to a form
that is unintelligible except to the intended recipients.
- Extensible Markup Language
- a markup language that structures information
by tagging it for content, meaning, or use. Structured information
contains both content (for example, words or numbers) and an indication
of what role the content plays. For example, content in a section
heading has a different meaning from content in a database table.
- foundation services
- See SAS Foundation Services
- grid host
- the machine to which the SAS client makes an initial
connection in a SAS High-Performance Analytics application.
- Hadoop Distributed File System
- a framework for managing files as blocks of equal
size, which are replicated across the machines in a Hadoop cluster
to provide fault tolerance.
- HDFS
- See Hadoop Distributed File System
- identity
- See metadata identity
- Integrated Windows authentication
- a Microsoft technology that facilitates use of
authentication protocols such as Kerberos. In the SAS implementation,
all participating components must be in the same Windows domain or
in domains that trust each other.
- Internet Protocol Version 6
- a protocol that specifies the format for network
addresses for all computers that are connected to the Internet. This
protocol, which is the successor of Internet Protocol Version 4, uses
hexadecimal notation to represent 128-bit address spaces. The format
can consist of up to eight groups of four hexadecimal characters,
delimited by colons, as in FE80:0000:0000:0000:0202:B3FF:FE1E:8329.
As an alternative, a group of consecutive zeros could be replaced
with two colons, as in FE80::0202:B3FF:FE1E:8329.
- IPv6
- See Internet Protocol Version 6
- IWA
- See Integrated Windows authentication
- JAR file
- a Java Archive file. The JAR file format is used
for aggregating many files into one file. JAR files have the file
extension .jar.
- Java
- a set of technologies for creating software programs
in both stand-alone environments and networked environments, and for
running those programs safely. Java is an Oracle Corporation trademark.
- Java Database Connectivity
- a standard interface for accessing SQL databases.
JDBC provides uniform access to a wide range of relational databases.
It also provides a common base on which higher-level tools and interfaces
can be built.
- Java Development Kit
- a software development environment that is available
from Oracle Corporation. The JDK includes a Java Runtime Environment
(JRE), a compiler, a debugger, and other tools for developing Java
applets and applications.
- JDBC
- See Java Database Connectivity
- JDK
- See Java Development Kit
- localhost
- the keyword that is used to specify the machine
on which a program is executing. If a client specifies localhost as
the server address, the client connects to a server that runs on the
same machine.
- login
- a SAS copy of information about an external account.
Each login includes a user ID and belongs to one SAS user or group.
Most logins do not include a password.
- Message Passing Interface
- is a message-passing library interface specification.
SAS High-Performance Analytics applications implement MPI for use
in high-performance computing environments.
- metadata identity
- a metadata object that represents an individual
user or a group of users in a SAS metadata environment. Each individual
and group that accesses secured resources on a SAS Metadata Server
should have a unique metadata identity within that server.
- metadata object
- a set of attributes that describe a table, a server,
a user, or another resource on a network. The specific attributes
that a metadata object includes vary depending on which metadata model
is being used.
- middle tier
- in a SAS business intelligence system, the architectural
layer in which web applications and related services execute. The
middle tier receives user requests, applies business logic and business
rules, interacts with processing servers and data servers, and returns
information to users.
- MPI
- See Message Passing Interface
- object spawner
- a program that instantiates object servers that
are using an IOM bridge connection. The object spawner listens for
incoming client requests for IOM services. When the spawner receives
a request from a new client, it launches an instance of an IOM server
to fulfill the request. Depending on which incoming TCP/IP port the
request was made on, the spawner either invokes the administrator
interface or processes a request for a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier).
- planned deployment
- a method of installing and configuring a SAS business
intelligence system. This method requires a deployment plan that contains
information about the different hosts that are included in the system
and the software and SAS servers that are to be deployed on each host.
The deployment plan then serves as input to the SAS Deployment Wizard.
- root node
- in a SAS High-Performance Analytics application,
the role of the software that distributes and coordinates the workload
of the worker nodes. In most deployments the root node runs on the
machine that is identified as the grid host. SAS High-Performance
Analytics applications assign the highest MPI rank to the root node.
- SAS Application Server
- a logical entity that represents the SAS server
tier, which in turn comprises servers that execute code for particular
tasks and metadata objects.
- SAS authentication
- a form of authentication in which the target SAS
server is responsible for requesting or performing the authentication
check. SAS servers usually meet this responsibility by asking another
component (such as the server's host operating system, an LDAP
provider, or the SAS Metadata Server) to perform the check. In a few
cases (such as SAS internal authentication to the metadata server),
the SAS server performs the check for itself. A configuration in which
a SAS server trusts that another component has pre-authenticated users
(for example, web authentication) is not part of SAS authentication.
- SAS configuration directory
- the location where configuration information for
a SAS deployment is stored. The configuration directory contains configuration
files, logs, scripts, repository files, and other items for the SAS
software that is installed on the machine.
- SAS data set
- a file whose contents are in one of the native
SAS file formats. There are two types of SAS data sets: SAS data files
and SAS data views.
- SAS Deployment Manager
- a cross-platform utility that manages SAS deployments.
The SAS Deployment Manager supports functions such as updating passwords
for your SAS deployment, rebuilding SAS web applications, and removing
configurations.
- SAS Deployment Wizard
- a cross-platform utility that installs and initially
configures many SAS products. Using a SAS installation data file and,
when appropriate, a deployment plan for its initial input, the wizard
prompts the customer for other necessary input at the start of the
session, so that there is no need to monitor the entire deployment.
- SAS Foundation Services
- a set of core infrastructure services that programmers
can use in developing distributed applications that are integrated
with the SAS platform. These services provide basic underlying functions
that are common to many applications. These functions include making
client connections to SAS application servers, dynamic service discovery,
user authentication, profile management, session context management,
metadata and content repository access, information publishing, and
stored process execution.
- SAS installation data file
- See SID file
- SAS installation directory
- the location where your SAS software is installed.
This location is the parent directory to the installation directories
of all SAS products. The SAS installation directory is also referred
to as SAS Home in the SAS Deployment Wizard.
- SAS IOM workspace
- in the IOM object hierarchy for a SAS Workspace
Server, an object that represents a single session in SAS.
- SAS Metadata Server
- a multi-user server that enables users to read
metadata from or write metadata to one or more SAS Metadata Repositories.
- SAS Pooled Workspace Server
- a SAS Workspace Server that is configured to use
server-side pooling. In this configuration, the SAS object spawner
maintains a collection of workspace server processes that are available
for clients.
- SAS Software Depot
- a file system that consists of a collection of
SAS installation files that represents one or more orders. The depot
is organized in a specific format that is meaningful to the SAS Deployment
Wizard, which is the tool that is used to install and initially configure
SAS. The depot contains the SAS Deployment Wizard executable, one
or more deployment plans, a SAS installation data file, order data,
and product data.
- SAS Stored Process Server
- a SAS IOM server that is launched in order to
fulfill client requests for SAS Stored Processes.
- SAS Workspace Server
- a SAS IOM server that is launched in order to
fulfill client requests for IOM workspaces.
- SASHDAT file
- the data format used for tables that are added
to HDFS by SAS. SASHDAT files are read in parallel by the server.
- SASHOME directory
- the location in a file system where an instance
of SAS software is installed on a computer. The location of the SASHOME
directory is established at the initial installation of SAS software
by the SAS Deployment Wizard. That location becomes the default installation
location for any other SAS software that is installed on the same
computer.
- server context
- a SAS IOM server concept that describes how SAS
Application Servers manage client requests. A SAS Application Server
has an awareness (or context) of how it is being used and makes decisions
based on that awareness. For example, when a SAS Data Integration
Studio client submits code to its SAS Application Server, the server
determines what type of code is submitted and directs it to the correct
physical server for processing (in this case, a SAS Workspace Server).
- server description file
- a file that is created by a SAS client when the
LASR procedure executes to create a server. The file contains information
about the machines that are used by the server. It also contains the
name of the server signature file that controls access to the server.
- SID file
- a control file containing license information
that is required in order to install SAS.
- single sign-on
- an authentication model that enables users to
access a variety of computing resources without being repeatedly prompted
for their user IDs and passwords. For example, single sign-on can
enable a user to access SAS servers that run on different platforms
without interactively providing the user's ID and password for
each platform. Single sign-on can also enable someone who is using
one application to launch other applications based on the authentication
that was performed when the user initially logged on.
- SOE
- See software order e-mail
- software order e-mail
- an e-mail message, sent to a customer site, that
announces arrival of the software and describes the order. It explains
the initial installation steps and might also contain instructions
for using Electronic Software Delivery (ESD), if applicable.
- spawner
- See object spawner
- SSO
- See single sign-on
- trusted user
- a privileged service account that can act on behalf
of other users on a connection to the metadata server.
- unrestricted identity
- a user or group that has all capabilities and
permissions in the metadata environment due to membership in the META:
Unrestricted Users Role (or listing in the adminUsers.txt file with
a preceding asterisk).
- update mode
- an operating state of the SAS Deployment Wizard
in which users are required to install software updates before they
can perform any other deployment tasks. The SAS Deployment Wizard
automatically goes into update mode when it determines that the current
SAS order contains new versions or maintenance updates to the deployed
products in a given SAS installation directory.
- warehouse
- See data warehouse
- web application
- an application that is accessed via a web browser
over a network such as the Internet or an intranet. SAS web applications
are Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) applications that are delivered
via web application archive (WAR) files. The applications can depend
on Java and non-Java web technologies.
- web authentication
- a configuration in which users of web applications
and web services are verified at the web perimeter, and the metadata
server trusts that verification.
- web browser
- a software application that is used to view web
content, and also to download or upload information. The browser submits
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) requests to a web server and then translates
the HTML code into a visual display.
- worker node
- in a SAS High-Performance Analytics application,
the role of the software that receives the workload from the root
node.
- workspace
- See SAS IOM workspace
- XML
- See Extensible Markup Language
Copyright © SAS Institute Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Last updated: August 1, 2017