PROC SURVEYMEANS: Hadamard Matrix :: SAS/STAT(R) 9.3 User's Guide

Hadamard Matrix

A Hadamard matrix $\text{[math]}$ is a square matrix whose elements are either 1 or –1 such that

$\text{[math]}$

where $\text{[math]}$ is the dimension of $\text{[math]}$ and $\text{[math]}$ is the identity matrix of order $\text{[math]}$ . The order $\text{[math]}$ is necessarily 1, 2, or a positive integer that is a multiple of 4.

For example, the following matrix is a Hadamard matrix of dimension $\text{[math]}$ = 8:

$\text{[math]}$

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The SURVEYMEANS Procedure

Hadamard Matrix