PROC UNIVARIATE: Calculating Modes

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Example 4.2 Calculating Modes

An instructor is interested in calculating all the modes of the scores on a recent exam. The following statements create a data set named Exam, which contains the exam scores in the variable Score:

data Exam;
   label Score = 'Exam Score';
   input Score @@;
   datalines;
81 97 78 99 77 81 84 86 86 97
85 86 94 76 75 42 91 90 88 86
97 97 89 69 72 82 83 81 80 81
;
run;

The following statements use the MODES option to request a table of all possible modes:

title 'Table of Modes for Exam Scores';
ods select Modes;
proc univariate data=Exam modes;
   var Score;
run;

The ODS SELECT statement restricts the output to the "Modes" table; see the section ODS Table Names.

Output 4.2.1 Table of Modes Display

Table of Modes for Exam Scores

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: Score (Exam Score)

Modes
Mode	Count
81	4
86	4
97	4

By default, when the MODES option is used and there is more than one mode, the lowest mode is displayed in the "BasicMeasures" table. The following statements illustrate the default behavior:

title 'Default Output';
ods select BasicMeasures;
proc univariate data=Exam;
   var Score;
run;

Output 4.2.2 Default Output (Without MODES Option)

Default Output

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: Score (Exam Score)

Basic Statistical Measures
Location		Variability
Mean	83.66667	Std Deviation	11.08069
Median	84.50000	Variance	122.78161
Mode	81.00000	Range	57.00000
		Interquartile Range	10.00000

Note: The mode displayed is the smallest of 3 modes with a count of 4.

The default output displays a mode of 81 and includes a note regarding the number of modes; the modes 86 and 97 are not displayed. The ODS SELECT statement restricts the output to the "BasicMeasures" table; see the section ODS Table Names.

A sample program for this example, uniex02.sas, is available in the SAS Sample Library for Base SAS software.

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