The STANDARD Procedure

Example 2: Standardizing BY Groups and Replacing Missing Values

Procedure features:

PROC STANDARD statement options:

	PRINT
	REPLACE

BY statement

Other features:

FORMAT procedure

PRINT procedure

SORT procedure

This example

calculates Z scores separately for each BY group using a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1
replaces missing values with the given mean
prints the mean and standard deviation for the variables to standardize
prints the output data set.

Program

options nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60;

proc format;
   value popfmt 1='Stable'
                2='Rapid';
run;

data lifexp;
   input PopulationRate Country $char14. Life50 Life93 @@;
   label life50='1950 life expectancy'
         life93='1993 life expectancy';
   datalines;
2 Bangladesh     .  53 2 Brazil         51 67
2 China          41 70 2 Egypt          42 60
2 Ethiopia       33 46 1 France         67 77
1 Germany        68 75 2 India          39 59
2 Indonesia      38 59 1 Japan          64 79
2 Mozambique      . 47 2 Philippines    48 64
1 Russia          . 65 2 Turkey         44 66
1 United Kingdom 69 76 1 United States  69 75
;

proc sort data=lifexp;
   by populationrate;
run;

proc standard data=lifexp mean=0 std=1 replace
              print out=zscore;

   by populationrate;

   format populationrate popfmt.;
   title1 'Life Expectancies by Birth Rate';
run;

proc print data=zscore noobs;
   title 'Standardized Life Expectancies at Birth';
   title2 'by a Country''s Birth Rate';
run;

Output: Listing

                        Life Expectancies by Birth Rate                        1

---------------------------- PopulationRate=Stable -----------------------------

                               Standard
 Name              Mean       Deviation               N    Label

 Life50       67.400000        1.854724               5    1950 life expectancy
 Life93       74.500000        4.888763               6    1993 life expectancy


----------------------------- PopulationRate=Rapid -----------------------------

                               Standard
 Name              Mean       Deviation               N    Label

 Life50       42.000000        5.033223               8    1950 life expectancy
 Life93       59.100000        8.225300              10    1993 life expectancy
                    Standardized Life Expectancies at Birth                    2
                           by a Country's Birth Rate

              Population
                 Rate       Country            Life50      Life93

                Stable      France            -0.21567     0.51138
                Stable      Germany            0.32350     0.10228
                Stable      Japan             -1.83316     0.92048
                Stable      Russia             0.00000    -1.94323
                Stable      United Kingdom     0.86266     0.30683
                Stable      United States      0.86266     0.10228
                Rapid       Bangladesh         0.00000    -0.74161
                Rapid       Brazil             1.78812     0.96045
                Rapid       China             -0.19868     1.32518
                Rapid       Egypt              0.00000     0.10942
                Rapid       Ethiopia          -1.78812    -1.59265
                Rapid       India             -0.59604    -0.01216
                Rapid       Indonesia         -0.79472    -0.01216
                Rapid       Mozambique         0.00000    -1.47107
                Rapid       Philippines        1.19208     0.59572
                Rapid       Turkey             0.39736     0.83888

Top of Page