It is possible to retrain up to 200 unskilled workers per year to make them semi-skilled. This costs £400 per worker. The retraining of semi-skilled workers to make them skilled is limited to no more than one quarter of the skilled labour at the time as some training is done on the job. To retrain a semi-skilled worker in this way costs £500.

Downgrading of workers to a lower skill is possible but 50% of such workers leave, although it costs the company nothing. (This wastage is additional to the ‘natural wastage’ described above.)