Greenplum Driver Reference

Understanding the Table Services Driver for Greenplum
Data Service Connection Options for Greenplum
Connection Options
Advanced Connection Options
Greenplum Wire Protocol Driver Usage Notes

Understanding the Table Services Driver for Greenplum

The table services driver (driver for Greenplum) enables table services to read and update Greenplum tables. In addition, the driver creates Greenplum tables that can be accessed by both table services and Greenplum.
The driver for Greenplum supports most of the FedSQL functionality. The driver also enables an application to submit native Greenplum SQL statements.
The table services driver for Greenplum is a remote driver, which means that it connects to a server process in order to access data. The process might be running on the same machine as the table services, or it might be running on another machine in the network.
The table services driver for Greenplum uses shared libraries that are referenced as shared objects in UNIX. You must add the location of the shared libraries to one of the system environment variables, and set any other environment variables required by the Greenplum client libraries. The following Korn shell commands provide an example: 
export ODBCHOME=/dbi/odbc/gpl94m3
export ODBCINI=/dbi/odbc/gpl94m3/odbc.ini
export ODBCINST=/dbi/odbc/gpl94m3/odbcinst.ini
export GPHOME_LOADERS=/dbi/greenplum/4.2.6/gpfdist
export GPLOAD_HOST=mynode.abc.123.com
export GPLOAD_HOME=/tmp
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/dbi/odbc/gpl94m3/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH%:}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Data Service Connection Options for Greenplum

Connection Options

Connection options are used to establish a connection to a data source. Specify one or more connection options when defining a data service. Here is an example: 
driver=sql;conopts=(driver=greenplum;uid=myuid;
pwd=MyPasswd;server=greenlight;port=5432;
database=sample;catalog=acat)
The driver for Greenplum supports the following connection options.
Option
Description
CATALOG
CATALOG=catalog-identifier;
Specifies an arbitrary identifier for an SQL catalog, which groups logically related schemas. Any identifier is valid (for example, catalog=gps_test). You must specify a catalog. For the Greenplum database, this is a logical catalog name to use as an SQL catalog identifier.
Note: SAS Federation Server automatically quotes SQL identifiers that do not meet the regular naming convention as defined in SAS FedSQL Reference Guide.
DATABASE
DATABASE=database—name;
Identifies the database to which you want to connect, which resides on the server that was previously specified by the SERVER option.
DRIVER
DRIVER=GREENPLUM;
Specifies the data service for the Greenplum database to which you want to connect. You must specify a driver.
DSN
DSN=data_source_identifer;
Identifies the data source name to which you want to connect.
SERVER
SERVER=server_name;
Identifies the name of the server where the Greenplum database resides.

Advanced Connection Options

The driver for Greenplum supports the following advanced connection options.
Option
Description
ALLOW_UNQUOTED_NAMES
ALLOW_UNQUOTED_NAMES=NO|YES;
Specifies whether to enclose table and column names in quotation marks. Tables and columns are quoted when this option is set to NO (default). If the option is set to YES, the driver will not automatically add quotation marks to table and column names if they are not specified. This allows Greenplum tables and columns to be created in the default lowercase.
CLIENT_ENCODING
CLIENT_ENCODING=cei;
Specifies an encoding, different from the default, to use on the client.
CT_PRESERVE
CT_PRESERVE = STRICT | SAFE | FORCE | FORCE_COL_SIZE
Enables users to control how data types are mapped. Note that data type mapping is disabled when CT_PRESERVE is set to STRICT. If the requested type does not exist on the target database, an error is returned. Here are the options:
  • STRICT The requested type must exist in the target database. No type promotion occurs. If the type does not exist, an error is returned.
  • SAFE Target data types are upscaled only if they do not result in a loss of precision or scale. When character encodings are changed, the new column size is recalculated to ensure all characters can be stored in the new encoding.
  • FORCE This is the default for all drivers. The best corresponding target data type is chosen, even if it could potentially result in a loss of precision or scale. When character encodings are changed, the new column size is recalculated to ensure that all characters can be stored in the new encoding.
  • FORCE_COL_SIZE This option is the same as FORCE, except that the column size for the new encoding is the same as the original encoding. This option can be used to avoid column size creep. However, the resulting column might be too large or too small for the target data.
DEFAULT_ATTR
DEFAULT_ATTR=(attr=value;...)
Used to specify connection handle or statement handle attributes supported for initial connect-time configuration, where attr=value corresponds to any of the following options:
  • CURSORS=n- Connection handle option. This option controls the driver’s use of client-side, result set cursors. The possible values are 0, 1, or 2.
    0 Causes the driver to use client-side static cursor emulation if a scrollable cursor is requested but the database server cannot provide one.
    1 Causes the driver to always use client-side static cursor emulation if a scrollable cursor is requested. The database server’s native cursor is not used.
    2 (Default) Causes the driver to never use client-side static cursor emulation if a scrollable cursor is requested. The database server’s native cursor is used if available. Otherwise, the cursor is forward-only.
    Example: DEFAULT_ATTR=(CURSORS=2)
  • USE_EVP=n - Statement handle option. This option optimizes the driver for large result sets. The possible values are 0 (OFF) or 1 (ON), which is the default. Example: DEFAULT_ATTR=(USE_EVP=0)
  • XCODE_WARN=n - Statement handle option. Used to warn about possible character transcoding errors that occur during row input or output operations. Possible values are 0 (returns an error), 1 (returns a warning), or 2 (ignore transaction errors). 0 is the default. Example: DEFAULT_ATTR=(XCODE_WARN=1)
DRIVER_TRACE
DRIVER_TRACE='API | SQL | ALL';
Requests tracing information, which logs transaction records to an external file that can be used for debugging purposes. The SAS Federation Server driver writes a record of each command that is sent to the trace log based on the specified tracing level, which determines the type of tracing information. Here are the tracing levels:
  • ALL Activates all trace levels.
  • API Specifies that API method calls be sent to the trace log. This option is most useful if you are having a problem and need to send a trace log to SAS Technical Support for troubleshooting.
  • DRIVER Specifies that driver-specific information be sent to the trace log.
  • SQL Specifies that SQL statements that are sent to the database management system (DBMS) be sent to the trace log. Tracing information is DBMS specific, but most table services drivers log SQL statements such as SELECT and COMMIT.
Default: Tracing is not activated.
Note: If you activate tracing, you must also specify the location of the trace log with DRIVER_TRACEFILE=. Note that DRIVER_TRACEFILE= is resolved against the TRACEFILEPATH set in ALTER SERVER. TRACEFILEPATH is relative to the server's content root location.
(Optional) You can control trace log formatting with DRIVER_TRACEOPTIONS=.
Interaction: You can specify one trace level, or you can concatenate more than one by including the | (OR) symbol. For example, driver_trace='api|sql' generates tracing information for API calls and SQL statements.
DRIVER_TRACEFILE
DRIVER_TRACEFILE=’filename’;
Used to specify the name of the text file for the trace log. Include the filename and extension in single or double quotation marks (for example, driver_tracefile='\mytrace.log').
Default: The default TRACEFILE location applies to a relative filename, and it is placed relative to TRACEFILEPATH.
Requirement: DRIVER_TRACEFILE is required when activating tracing using DRIVER_TRACE.
Interaction: (Optional) You can control trace log formatting with DRIVER_TRACEOPTIONS=.
DRIVER_TRACEOPTIONS
DRIVER_TRACEOPTIONS=APPEND | THREADSTAMP | TIMESTAMP;
Specifies options in order to control formatting and other properties for the trace log:
  • APPEND Adds trace information to the end of an existing trace log. The contents of the file are not overwritten.
  • THREADSTAMP Prepends each line of the trace log with a thread identification.
  • TIMESTAMP Prepends each line of the trace log with a time stamp.
Default: The trace log is overwritten with no thread identification or time stamp.
MAX_BINARY_LEN
MAX_BINARY_LEN=value;
Specifies a value to limit the length of long binary fields (LONG VARBINARY). As opposed to other databases, Greenplum does not have a size limit for long binary fields.
MAX_CHAR_LEN
MAX_CHAR_LEN=value;
Specifies a value to limit the length of character fields (CHAR and VARCHAR). As opposed to other databases, Greenplum does not have a size limit for character fields.
MAX_TEXT_LEN
MAX_TEXT_LEN=value;
Specifies a value to limit the length of long character fields (LONG VARCHAR). As opposed to other databases, Greenplum does not have a size limit for long character fields.
NUM BYTES PER CHAR
NUMBYTESPERCHAR=value;
Specifies the default number of bytes per character.
PASSWORD
PASSWORD=password;
Specifies a password for the ID passed through the USER= option. The alias is PWD=.
Note: You must specify the PASSWORD= option.
SCHEMA
SCHEMA=value;
Specifies the default schema for the connection. If the option is not specified, the schema (or list of schemas) is determined based on the value of the schema search path defined on the database server.
STRIP_BLANKS
STRIP_BLANKS=value;
Specifies whether to strip blanks from character fields.
USER
USER=user-id;
Specifies a Greenplum user ID. If the ID contains blanks or national characters, enclose it in quotation marks. The alias is UID=.
Note: You must specify the USER= option.

Greenplum Wire Protocol Driver Usage Notes

There are a number of wire protocol ODBC drivers that communicate directly with a database server, without having to communicate through a client library. When you configure the ODBC drivers on Windows or UNIX, you can set certain options. SAS runs best when these options are selected. Some, but not all, are selected by default.
Windows
The options are located on the Advanced or Performance tabs in the ODBC Administrator.
UNIX
The options are available when configuring data sources using the ODBC Administrator tool. Values can also be set by editing the odbc.ini file in which their data sources are defined.
Note: A DSN configuration that uses a wire protocol driver with the catalog option selected returns only the schemas that have associated tables or views. To list all existing schemas, create a DSN without selecting the catalog option.
When configuring an ODBC DSN using the Greenplum Wire Protocol driver, select the following advanced options:
  • Application Using Threads
  • Enable SQLDescribeParam
  • Fetch TSFS as Time
  • Fetch TSWTZ as Timestamp
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