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Functions and CALL Routines

Functions and CALL Routines by Category

Categories and Descriptions of Functions and CALL Routines
Category Functions and CALL Routines Description

ANYXDIGIT Function
Searches a character string for a hexadecimal character that represents a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
Arithmetic DIVIDE Function
Returns the result of a division that handles special missing values for ODS output.
Array DIM Function
Returns the number of elements in an array.

HBOUND Function
Returns the upper bound of an array.

LBOUND Function
Returns the lower bound of an array.
Bitwise Logical Operations BAND Function
Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments.

BLSHIFT Function
Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments.

BNOT Function
Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument.

BOR Function
Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments.

BRSHIFT Function
Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments.

BXOR Function
Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments.
Character String Matching CALL PRXCHANGE Routine
Performs a pattern-matching replacement.

CALL PRXDEBUG Routine
Enables Perl regular expressions in a DATA step to send debugging output to the SAS log.

CALL PRXFREE Routine
Frees memory that was allocated for a Perl regular expression.

CALL PRXNEXT Routine
Returns the position and length of a substring that matches a pattern, and iterates over multiple matches within one string.

CALL PRXPOSN Routine
Returns the start position and length for a capture buffer.

CALL PRXSUBSTR Routine
Returns the position and length of a substring that matches a pattern.

PRXCHANGE Function
Performs a pattern-matching replacement.

PRXMATCH Function
Searches for a pattern match and returns the position at which the pattern is found.

PRXPAREN Function
Returns the last bracket match for which there is a match in a pattern.

PRXPARSE Function
Compiles a Perl regular expression (PRX) that can be used for pattern matching of a character value.

PRXPOSN Function
Returns a character string that contains the value for a capture buffer.
Character ANYALNUM Function
Searches a character string for an alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.

ANYALPHA Function
Searches a character string for an alphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.

ANYCNTRL Function
Searches a character string for a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYDIGIT Function
Searches a character string for a digit, and returns the first position at which the digit is found.

ANYFIRST Function
Searches a character string for a character that is valid as the first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYGRAPH Function
Searches a character string for a graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYLOWER Function
Searches a character string for a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.

ANYNAME Function
Searches a character string for a character that is valid in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYPRINT Function
Searches a character string for a printable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYPUNCT Function
Searches a character string for a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYSPACE Function
Searches a character string for a white-space character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.

ANYUPPER Function
Searches a character string for an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.

ANYXDIGIT Function
Searches a character string for a hexadecimal character that represents a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

BYTE Function
Returns one character in the ASCII or the EBCDIC collating sequence.

CALL CATS Routine
Removes leading and trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.

CALL CATT Routine
Removes trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.

CALL CATX Routine
Removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a concatenated character string.

CALL COMPCOST Routine
Sets the costs of operations for later use by the COMPGED function

CALL MISSING Routine
Assigns missing values to the specified character or numeric variables.

CALL SCAN Routine
Returns the position and length of the nth word from a character string.

CAT Function
Does not remove leading or trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.

CATQ Function
Concatenates character or numeric values by using a delimiter to separate items and by adding quotation marks to strings that contain the delimiter.

CATS Function
Removes leading and trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.

CATT Function
Removes trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.

CATX Function
Removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a concatenated character string.

CHAR Function
Returns a single character from a specified position in a character string.

CHOOSEC Function
Returns a character value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.

CHOOSEN Function
Returns a numeric value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.

COALESCEC Function
Returns the first non-missing value from a list of character arguments.

COLLATE Function
Returns a character string in ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence.

COMPARE Function
Returns the position of the leftmost character by which two strings differ, or returns 0 if there is no difference.

COMPBL Function
Removes multiple blanks from a character string.

COMPGED Function
Returns the generalized edit distance between two strings.

COMPLEV Function
Returns the Levenshtein edit distance between two strings.

COMPRESS Function
Returns a character string with specified characters removed from the original string.

COUNT Function
Counts the number of times that a specified substring appears within a character string.

COUNTC Function
Counts the number of characters in a string that appear or do not appear in a list of characters.

COUNTW Function
Counts the number of words in a character string.

DEQUOTE Function
Removes matching quotation marks from a character string that begins with a quotation mark, and deletes all characters to the right of the closing quotation mark.

FIND Function
Searches for a specific substring of characters within a character string.

FINDC Function
Searches a string for any character in a list of characters.

FINDW Function
Returns the character position of a word in a string, or returns the number of the word in a string.

FIRST Function
Returns the first character in a character string.

IFC Function
Returns a character value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing.

INDEX Function
Searches a character expression for a string of characters, and returns the position of the string's first character for the first occurrence of the string.

INDEXC Function
Searches a character expression for any of the specified characters, and returns the position of that character.

INDEXW Function
Searches a character expression for a string that is specified as a word, and returns the position of the first character in the word.

LEFT Function
Left-aligns a character string.

LENGTH Function
Returns the length of a non-blank character string, excluding trailing blanks, and returns 1 for a blank character string.

LENGTHC Function
Returns the length of a character string, including trailing blanks.

LENGTHM Function
Returns the amount of memory (in bytes) that is allocated for a character string.

LENGTHN Function
Returns the length of a character string, excluding trailing blanks.

LOWCASE Function
Converts all letters in an argument to lowercase.

MD5 Function
Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string.

MISSING Function
Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.

NLITERAL Function
Converts a character string that you specify to a SAS name literal.

NOTALNUM Function
Searches a character string for a non-alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.

NOTALPHA Function
Searches a character string for a nonalphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.

NOTCNTRL Function
Searches a character string for a character that is not a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTDIGIT Function
Searches a character string for any character that is not a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTFIRST Function
Searches a character string for an invalid first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTGRAPH Function
Searches a character string for a non-graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTLOWER Function
Searches a character string for a character that is not a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTNAME Function
Searches a character string for an invalid character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTPRINT Function
Searches a character string for a nonprintable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTPUNCT Function
Searches a character string for a character that is not a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTSPACE Function
Searches a character string for a character that is not a white-space character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTUPPER Function
Searches a character string for a character that is not an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NOTXDIGIT Function
Searches a character string for a character that is not a hexadecimal character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.

NVALID Function
Checks the validity of a character string for use as a SAS variable name.

PROPCASE Function
Converts all words in an argument to proper case.

QUOTE Function
Adds double quotation marks to a character value.

RANK Function
Returns the position of a character in the ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence.

REPEAT Function
Returns a character value that consists of the first argument repeated n+1 times.

REVERSE Function
Reverses a character string.

RIGHT Function
Right aligns a character expression.

SCAN Function
Returns the nth word from a character string.

SOUNDEX Function
Encodes a string to facilitate searching.

SPEDIS Function
Determines the likelihood of two words matching, expressed as the asymmetric spelling distance between the two words.

STRIP Function
Returns a character string with all leading and trailing blanks removed.

SUBPAD Function
Returns a substring that has a length you specify, using blank padding if necessary.

SUBSTR (left of =) Function
Replaces character value contents.

SUBSTR (right of =) Function
Extracts a substring from an argument.

SUBSTRN Function
Returns a substring, allowing a result with a length of zero.

TRANSLATE Function
Replaces specific characters in a character string.

TRANSTRN Function
Replaces or removes all occurrences of a substring in a character string.

TRANWRD Function
Replaces all occurrences of a substring in a character string.

TRIM Function
Removes trailing blanks from a character string, and returns one blank if the string is missing.

TRIMN Function
Removes trailing blanks from character expressions, and returns a string with a length of zero if the expression is missing.

UPCASE Function
Converts all letters in an argument to uppercase.

VERIFY Function
Returns the position of the first character in a string that is not in any of several other strings.
Combinatorial ALLCOMB Function
Generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a minimal change order.

ALLPERM Function
Generates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimal change order.

CALL ALLCOMB Routine
Generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a minimal change order.

CALL ALLCOMBI Routine
Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in a minimal change order.

CALL ALLPERM Routine
Generates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimal change order.

CALL GRAYCODE Routine
Generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.

CALL LEXCOMB Routine
Generates all distinct combinations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.

CALL LEXCOMBI Routine
Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in lexicographic order.

CALL LEXPERK Routine
Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.

CALL LEXPERM Routine
Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of several variables in lexicographic order.

CALL RANPERK Routine
Randomly permutes the values of the arguments, and returns a permutation of k out of n values.

CALL RANPERM Routine
Randomly permutes the values of the arguments.

COMB Function
Computes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time.

GRAYCODE Function
Generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.

LCOMB Function
Computes the logarithm of the COMB function which is the logarithm of the number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time.

LEXCOMB Function
Generates all distinct combinations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.

LEXCOMBI Function
Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in lexicographic order.

LEXPERK Function
Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.

LEXPERM Function
Generates all distinct permutations of the non-missing values of several variables in lexicographic order.

LFACT Function
Computes the logarithm of the FACT (factorial) function.

LPERM Function
Computes the logarithm of the PERM function which is the logarithm of the number of permutations of n objects, with the option of including r number of elements.

PERM Function
Computes the number of permutations of n items that are taken r at a time.
Date and Time CALL IS8601_CONVERT Routine
Converts an ISO 8601 interval to datetime and duration values, or converts datetime and duration values to an ISO 8601 interval.

DATDIF Function
Returns the number of days between two dates after computing the difference between the dates according to specified day count conventions.

DATE Function
Returns the current date as a SAS date value.

DATEJUL Function
Converts a Julian date to a SAS date value.

DATEPART Function
Extracts the date from a SAS datetime value.

DATETIME Function
Returns the current date and time of day as a SAS datetime value.

DAY Function
Returns the day of the month from a SAS date value.

DHMS Function
Returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second values.

HMS Function
Returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second values.

HOLIDAY Function
Returns a SAS date value of a specified holiday for a specified year.

HOUR Function
Returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value.

INTCINDEX Function
Returns the cycle index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.

INTCK Function
Returns the count of the number of interval boundaries between two dates, two times, or two datetime values.

INTCYCLE Function
Returns the date, time, or datetime interval at the next higher seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.

INTFIT Function
Returns a time interval that is aligned between two dates.

INTFMT Function
Returns a recommended SAS format when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.

INTGET Function
Returns a time interval based on three date or datetime values.

INTINDEX Function
Returns the seasonal index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.

INTNX Function
Increments a date, time, or datetime value by a given time interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value.

INTSEAS Function
Returns the length of the seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.

INTSHIFT Function
Returns the shift interval that corresponds to the base interval.

INTTEST Function
Returns 1 if a time interval is valid, and returns 0 if a time interval is invalid.

JULDATE Function
Returns the Julian date from a SAS date value.

JULDATE7 Function
Returns a seven-digit Julian date from a SAS date value.

MDY Function
Returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values.

MINUTE Function
Returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value.

MONTH Function
Returns the month from a SAS date value.

NWKDOM Function
Returns the date for the nth occurrence of a weekday for the specified month and year.

QTR Function
Returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value.

SECOND Function
Returns the second from a SAS time or datetime value.

TIME Function
Returns the current time of day as a numeric SAS time value.

TIMEPART Function
Extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value.

TODAY Function
Returns the current date as a numeric SAS date value.

WEEK Function
Returns the week-number value.

WEEKDAY Function
From a SAS date value, returns an integer that corresponds to the day of the week.

YEAR Function
Returns the year from a SAS date value.

YRDIF Function
Returns the difference in years between two dates.

YYQ Function
Returns a SAS date value from year and quarter year values.
Descriptive Statistics CMISS Function
Counts the number of missing arguments.

CSS Function
Returns the corrected sum of squares.

CV Function
Returns the coefficient of variation.

EUCLID Function
Returns the Euclidean norm of the non-missing arguments.

GEOMEAN Function
Returns the geometric mean.

GEOMEANZ Function
Returns the geometric mean, using zero fuzzing.

HARMEAN Function
Returns the harmonic mean.

HARMEANZ Function
Returns the harmonic mean, using zero fuzzing.

IQR Function
Returns the interquartile range.

KURTOSIS Function
Returns the kurtosis.

LARGEST Function
Returns the kth largest non-missing value.

LPNORM Function
Returns the Lp norm of the second argument and subsequent non-missing arguments.

MAD Function
Returns the median absolute deviation from the median.

MAX Function
Returns the largest value.

MEAN Function
Returns the arithmetic mean (average).

MEDIAN Function
Returns the median value.

MIN Function
Returns the smallest value.

MISSING Function
Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.

N Function
Returns the number of non-missing numeric values.

NMISS Function
Returns the number of missing numeric values.

ORDINAL Function
Returns the kth smallest of the missing and nonmissing values.

PCTL Function
Returns the percentile that corresponds to the percentage.

RANGE Function
Returns the range of the nonmissing values.

RMS Function
Returns the root mean square of the nonmissing arguments.

SKEWNESS Function
Returns the skewness of the nonmissing arguments.

SMALLEST Function
Returns the kth smallest nonmissing value.

STD Function
Returns the standard deviation of the nonmissing arguments.

STDERR Function
Returns the standard error of the mean of the nonmissing arguments.

SUM Function
Returns the sum of the nonmissing arguments.

SUMABS Function
Returns the sum of the absolute values of the non-missing arguments.

USS Function
Returns the uncorrected sum of squares of the nonmissing arguments.

VAR Function
Returns the variance of the nonmissing arguments.
Distance GEODIST Function
Returns the geodetic distance between two latitude and longitude coordinates.

ZIPCITYDISTANCE Function
Returns the geodetic distance between two ZIP code locations.
External Files DCLOSE Function
Closes a directory that was opened by the DOPEN function.

DCREATE Function
Returns the complete pathname of a new, external directory.

DINFO Function
Returns information about a directory.

DNUM Function
Returns the number of members in a directory.

DOPEN Function
Opens a directory, and returns a directory identifier value.

DOPTNAME Function
Returns directory attribute information.

DOPTNUM Function
Returns the number of information items that are available for a directory.

DREAD Function
Returns the name of a directory member.

DROPNOTE Function
Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file.

FAPPEND Function
Appends the current record to the end of an external file.

FCLOSE Function
Closes an external file, directory, or directory member.

FCOL Function
Returns the current column position in the File Data Buffer (FDB).

FDELETE Function
Deletes an external file or an empty directory.

FEXIST Function
Verifies the existence of an external file that is associated with a fileref.

FGET Function
Copies data from the File Data Buffer (FDB) into a variable.

FILEEXIST Function
Verifies the existence of an external file by its physical name.

FILENAME Function
Assigns or deassigns a fileref to an external file, directory, or output device.

FILEREF Function
Verifies whether a fileref has been assigned for the current SAS session.

FINFO Function
Returns the value of a file information item.

FNOTE Function
Identifies the last record that was read, and returns a value that the FPOINT function can use.

FOPEN Function
Opens an external file and returns a file identifier value.

FOPTNAME Function
Returns the name of an item of information about a file.

FOPTNUM Function
Returns the number of information items that are available for an external file.

FPOINT Function
Positions the read pointer on the next record to be read.

FPOS Function
Sets the position of the column pointer in the File Data Buffer (FDB).

FPUT Function
Moves data to the File Data Buffer (FDB) of an external file, starting at the FDB's current column position.

FREAD Function
Reads a record from an external file into the File Data Buffer (FDB).

FREWIND Function
Positions the file pointer to the start of the file.

FRLEN Function
Returns the size of the last record that was read, or, if the file is opened for output, returns the current record size.

FSEP Function
Sets the token delimiters for the FGET function.

FWRITE Function
Writes a record to an external file.

MOPEN Function
Opens a file by directory ID and member name, and returns either the file identifier or a 0.

PATHNAME Function
Returns the physical name of an external file or a SAS library, or returns a blank.

RENAME Function
Renames a member of a SAS library, an entry in a SAS catalog, an external file, or a directory.

SYSMSG Function
Returns error or warning message text from processing the last data set or external file function.

SYSRC Function
Returns a system error number.
External Routines CALL MODULE Routine
Calls an external routine without any return code.

MODULEC Function
Calls an external routine and returns a character value.

MODULEN Function
Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value.
Financial BLACKCLPRC Function
Calculates call prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.

BLACKPTPRC Function
Calculates put prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.

BLKSHCLPRC Function
Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.

BLKSHPTPRC Function
Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.

COMPOUND Function
Returns compound interest parameters.

CONVX Function
Returns the convexity for an enumerated cash flow.

CONVXP Function
Returns the convexity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.

DACCDB Function
Returns the accumulated declining balance depreciation.

DACCDBSL Function
Returns the accumulated declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation.

DACCSL Function
Returns the accumulated straight-line depreciation.

DACCSYD Function
Returns the accumulated sum-of-years-digits depreciation.

DACCTAB Function
Returns the accumulated depreciation from specified tables.

DEPDB Function
Returns the declining balance depreciation.

DEPDBSL Function
Returns the declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation.

DEPSL Function
Returns the straight-line depreciation.

DEPSYD Function
Returns the sum-of-years-digits depreciation.

DEPTAB Function
Returns the depreciation from specified tables.

DUR Function
Returns the modified duration for an enumerated cash flow.

DURP Function
Returns the modified duration for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.

FINANCE Function
Computes financial calculations such as depreciation, maturation, accrued interest, net present value, periodic savings, and internal rates of return.

GARKHCLPRC Function
Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.

GARKHPTPRC Function
Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.

INTRR Function
Returns the internal rate of return as a fraction.

IRR Function
Returns the internal rate of return as a percentage.

MARGRCLPRC Function
Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.

MARGRPTPRC Function
Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.

MORT Function
Returns amortization parameters.

NETPV Function
Returns the net present value as a fraction.

NPV Function
Returns the net present value with the rate expressed as a percentage.

PVP Function
Returns the present value for a periodic cash flow stream (such as a bond), with repayment of principal at maturity.

SAVING Function
Returns the future value of a periodic saving.

YIELDP Function
Returns the yield-to-maturity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
Hyperbolic ARCOSH Function
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.

ARSINH Function
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine.

ARTANH Function
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent.

COSH Function
Returns the hyperbolic cosine.

SINH Function
Returns the hyperbolic sine.

TANH Function
Returns the hyperbolic tangent.
Macro CALL EXECUTE Routine
Resolves the argument, and issues the resolved value for execution at the next step boundary.

CALL SYMPUT Routine
Assigns DATA step information to a macro variable.

CALL SYMPUTX Routine
Assigns a value to a macro variable, and removes both leading and trailing blanks.

RESOLVE Function
Returns the resolved value of the argument after it has been processed by the macro facility.

SYMEXIST Function
Returns an indication of the existence of a macro variable.

SYMGET Function
Returns the value of a macro variable during DATA step execution.

SYMGLOBL Function
Returns an indication of whether a macro variable is in global scope to the DATA step during DATA step execution.

SYMLOCAL Function
Returns an indication of whether a macro variable is in local scope to the DATA step during DATA step execution.
Mathematical ABS Function
Returns the absolute value.

AIRY Function
Returns the value of the Airy function.

BETA Function
Returns the value of the beta function.

CALL LOGISTIC Routine
Applies the logistic function to each argument.

CALL SOFTMAX Routine
Returns the softmax value.

CALL STDIZE Routine
Standardizes the values of one or more variables.

CALL TANH Routine
Returns the hyperbolic tangent.

CNONCT Function
Returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-square distribution.

COALESCE Function
Returns the first non-missing value from a list of numeric arguments.

CONSTANT Function
Computes machine and mathematical constants.

DAIRY Function
Returns the derivative of the AIRY function.

DEVIANCE Function
Returns the deviance based on a probability distribution.

DIGAMMA Function
Returns the value of the digamma function.

ERF Function
Returns the value of the (normal) error function.

ERFC Function
Returns the value of the complementary (normal) error function.

EXP Function
Returns the value of the exponential function.

FACT Function
Computes a factorial.

FNONCT Function
Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution.

GAMMA Function
Returns the value of the gamma function.

GCD Function
Returns the greatest common divisor for one or more integers.

IBESSEL Function
Returns the value of the modified Bessel function.

JBESSEL Function
Returns the value of the Bessel function.

LCM Function
Returns the least common multiple.

LGAMMA Function
Returns the natural logarithm of the Gamma function.

LOG Function
Returns the natural (base e) logarithm.

LOG1PX Function
Returns the log of 1 plus the argument.

LOG10 Function
Returns the logarithm to the base 10.

LOG2 Function
Returns the logarithm to the base 2.

LOGBETA Function
Returns the logarithm of the beta function.

MOD Function
Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, fuzzed to avoid most unexpected floating-point results.

MODZ Function
Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, using zero fuzzing.

MSPLINT Function
Returns the ordinate of a monotonicity-preserving interpolating spline.

SIGN Function
Returns the sign of a value.

SQRT Function
Returns the square root of a value.

TNONCT Function
Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the Student's t distribution.

TRIGAMMA Function
Returns the value of the trigamma function.
Numeric IFN Function
Returns a numeric value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing.
Probability CDF Function
Returns a value from a cumulative probability distribution.

LOGCDF Function
Returns the logarithm of a left cumulative distribution function.

LOGPDF Function
Returns the logarithm of a probability density (mass) function.

LOGSDF Function
Returns the logarithm of a survival function.

PDF Function
Returns a value from a probability density (mass) distribution.

POISSON Function
Returns the probability from a Poisson distribution.

PROBBETA Function
Returns the probability from a beta distribution.

PROBBNML Function
Returns the probability from a binomial distribution.

PROBBNRM Function
Returns a probability from a bivariate normal distribution.

PROBCHI Function
Returns the probability from a chi-square distribution.

PROBF Function
Returns the probability from an F distribution.

PROBGAM Function
Returns the probability from a gamma distribution.

PROBHYPR Function
Returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution.

PROBMC Function
Returns a probability or a quantile from various distributions for multiple comparisons of means.

PROBNEGB Function
Returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution.

PROBNORM Function
Returns the probability from the standard normal distribution.

PROBT Function
Returns the probability from a t distribution.

SDF Function
Returns a survival function.
Quantile BETAINV Function
Returns a quantile from the beta distribution.

CINV Function
Returns a quantile from the chi-square distribution.

FINV Function
Returns a quantile from the F distribution.

GAMINV Function
Returns a quantile from the gamma distribution.

PROBIT Function
Returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution.

QUANTILE Function
Returns the quantile from a distribution that you specify.

TINV Function
Returns a quantile from the t distribution.
Random Number CALL RANBIN Routine
Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution.

CALL RANCAU Routine
Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution.

CALL RANEXP Routine
Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution.

CALL RANGAM Routine
Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution.

CALL RANNOR Routine
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution.

CALL RANPOI Routine
Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution.

CALL RANTBL Routine
Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution.

CALL RANTRI Routine
Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution.

CALL RANUNI Routine
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.

CALL STREAMINIT Routine
Specifies a seed value to use for subsequent random number generation by the RAND function.

NORMAL Function
Returns a random variate from a normal, or Gaussian, distribution.

RANBIN Function
Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution.

RANCAU Function
Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution.

RAND Function
Generates random numbers from a distribution that you specify.

RANEXP Function
Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution.

RANGAM Function
Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution.

RANNOR Function
Returns a random variate from a normal distribution.

RANPOI Function
Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution.

RANTBL Function
Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution.

RANTRI Function
Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution.

RANUNI Function
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.

UNIFORM Function
Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
SAS File I/O ATTRC Function
Returns the value of a character attribute for a SAS data set.

ATTRN Function
Returns the value of a numeric attribute for a SAS data set.

CEXIST Function
Verifies the existence of a SAS catalog or SAS catalog entry.

CLOSE Function
Closes a SAS data set.

CUROBS Function
Returns the observation number of the current observation.

DROPNOTE Function
Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file.

DSNAME Function
Returns the SAS data set name that is associated with a data set identifier.

ENVLEN Function
Returns the length of an environment variable.

EXIST Function
Verifies the existence of a SAS library member.

FETCH Function
Reads the next non-deleted observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV).

FETCHOBS Function
Reads a specified observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV).

GETVARC Function
Returns the value of a SAS data set character variable.

GETVARN Function
Returns the value of a SAS data set numeric variable.

IORCMSG Function
Returns a formatted error message for _IORC_.

LIBNAME Function
Assigns or deassigns a libref for a SAS library.

LIBREF Function
Verifies that a libref has been assigned.

NOTE Function
Returns an observation ID for the current observation of a SAS data set.

OPEN Function
Opens a SAS data set.

PATHNAME Function
Returns the physical name of an external file or a SAS library, or returns a blank.

POINT Function
Locates an observation that is identified by the NOTE function.

RENAME Function
Renames a member of a SAS library, an entry in a SAS catalog, an external file, or a directory.

REWIND Function
Positions the data set pointer at the beginning of a SAS data set.

SYSMSG Function
Returns error or warning message text from processing the last data set or external file function.

SYSRC Function
Returns a system error number.

VARFMT Function
Returns the format that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.

VARINFMT Function
Returns the informat that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.

VARLABEL Function
Returns the label that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.

VARLEN Function
Returns the length of a SAS data set variable.

VARNAME Function
Returns the name of a SAS data set variable.

VARNUM Function
Returns the number of a variable's position in a SAS data set.

VARTYPE Function
Returns the data type of a SAS data set variable.
Search WHICHC Function
Searches for a character value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.

WHICHN Function
Searches for a numeric value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.
Sort CALL SORTC Routine
Sorts the values of character arguments.

CALL SORTN Routine
Sorts the values of numeric arguments.
Special ADDR Function
Returns the memory address of a variable on a 32-bit platform.

ADDRLONG Function
Returns the memory address of a variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.

CALL POKE Routine
Writes a value directly into memory on a 32-bit platform.

CALL POKELONG Routine
Writes a value directly into memory on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.

CALL SLEEP Routine
For a specified period of time, suspends the execution of a program that invokes this CALL routine.

CALL SYSTEM Routine
Submits an operating environment command for execution.

DIF Function
Returns differences between an argument and its nth lag.

GETOPTION Function
Returns the value of a SAS system or graphics option.

INPUT Function
Returns the value that is produced when SAS converts an expression using the specified informat.

INPUTC Function
Enables you to specify a character informat at run time.

INPUTN Function
Enables you to specify a numeric informat at run time.

LAG Function
Returns values from a queue.

PEEK Function
Stores the contents of a memory address in a numeric variable on a 32-bit platform.

PEEKC Function
Stores the contents of a memory address in a character variable on a 32-bit platform.

PEEKCLONG Function
Stores the contents of a memory address in a character variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.

PEEKLONG Function
Stores the contents of a memory address in a numeric variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.

PTRLONGADD Function
Returns the pointer address as a character variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.

PUT Function
Returns a value using a specified format.

PUTC Function
Enables you to specify a character format at run time.

PUTN Function
Enables you to specify a numeric format at run time.

SLEEP Function
For a specified period of time, suspends the execution of a program that invokes this function.

SYSGET Function
Returns the value of the specified operating environment variable.

SYSPARM Function
Returns the system parameter string.

SYSPROCESSID Function
Returns the process ID of the current process.

SYSPROCESSNAME Function
Returns the process name that is associated with a given process ID, or returns the name of the current process.

SYSPROD Function
Determines whether a product is licensed.

SYSTEM Function
Issues an operating environment command during a SAS session, and returns the system return code.

UUIDGEN Function
Returns the short or binary form of a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID).
State and ZIP Code FIPNAME Function
Converts two-digit FIPS codes to uppercase state names.

FIPNAMEL Function
Converts two-digit FIPS codes to mixed case state names.

FIPSTATE Function
Converts two-digit FIPS codes to two-character state postal codes.

STFIPS Function
Converts state postal codes to FIPS state codes.

STNAME Function
Converts state postal codes to uppercase state names.

STNAMEL Function
Converts state postal codes to mixed case state names.

ZIPCITY Function
Returns a city name and the two-character postal code that corresponds to a ZIP code.

ZIPCITYDISTANCE Function
Returns the geodetic distance between two ZIP code locations.

ZIPFIPS Function
Converts ZIP codes to two-digit FIPS codes.

ZIPNAME Function
Converts ZIP codes to uppercase state names.

ZIPNAMEL Function
Converts ZIP codes to mixed case state names.

ZIPSTATE Function
Converts ZIP codes to two-character state postal codes.
Trigonometric ARCOS Function
Returns the arccosine.

ARSIN Function
Returns the arcsine.

ATAN Function
Returns the arc tangent.

ATAN2 Function
Returns the arc tangent of the ratio of two numeric variables.

COS Function
Returns the cosine.

SIN Function
Returns the sine.

TAN Function
Returns the tangent.
Truncation CEIL Function
Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.

CEILZ Function
Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.

FLOOR Function
Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.

FLOORZ Function
Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.

FUZZ Function
Returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E-12 of that integer.

INT Function
Returns the integer value, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.

INTZ Function
Returns the integer portion of the argument, using zero fuzzing.

ROUND Function
Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, or to the nearest integer when the second argument is omitted.

ROUNDE Function
Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, and returns an even multiple when the first argument is halfway between the two nearest multiples.

ROUNDZ Function
Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, using zero fuzzing.

TRUNC Function
Truncates a numeric value to a specified number of bytes.
Variable Control CALL LABEL Routine
Assigns a variable label to a specified character variable.

CALL SET Routine
Links SAS data set variables to DATA step or macro variables that have the same name and data type.

CALL VNAME Routine
Assigns a variable name as the value of a specified variable.
Variable Information CALL VNEXT Routine
Returns the name, type, and length of a variable that is used in a DATA step.

VARRAY Function
Returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array.

VARRAYX Function
Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array.

VFORMAT Function
Returns the format that is associated with the specified variable.

VFORMATD Function
Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the specified variable.

VFORMATDX Function
Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VFORMATN Function
Returns the format name that is associated with the specified variable.

VFORMATNX Function
Returns the format name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VFORMATW Function
Returns the format width that is associated with the specified variable.

VFORMATWX Function
Returns the format width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VFORMATX Function
Returns the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VINARRAY Function
Returns a value that indicates whether the specified variable is a member of an array.

VINARRAYX Function
Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array.

VINFORMAT Function
Returns the informat that is associated with the specified variable.

VINFORMATD Function
Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the specified variable.

VINFORMATDX Function
Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the value of the specified variable.

VINFORMATN Function
Returns the informat name that is associated with the specified variable.

VINFORMATNX Function
Returns the informat name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VINFORMATW Function
Returns the informat width that is associated with the specified variable.

VINFORMATWX Function
Returns the informat width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VINFORMATX Function
Returns the informat that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VLABEL Function
Returns the label that is associated with the specified variable.

VLABELX Function
Returns the label that is associated with the value of the specified argument.

VLENGTH Function
Returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the specified variable.

VLENGTHX Function
Returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the variable that has a name that is the same as the value of the argument.

VNAME Function
Returns the name of the specified variable.

VNAMEX Function
Validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name.

VTYPE Function
Returns the type (character or numeric) of the specified variable.

VTYPEX Function
Returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument.

VVALUE Function
Returns the formatted value that is associated with the variable that you specify.

VVALUEX Function
Returns the formatted value that is associated with the argument that you specify.
Web Tools HTMLDECODE Function
Decodes a string that contains HTML numeric character references or HTML character entity references, and returns the decoded string.

HTMLENCODE Function
Encodes characters using HTML character entity references, and returns the encoded string.

URLDECODE Function
Returns a string that was decoded using the URL escape syntax.

URLENCODE Function
Returns a string that was encoded using the URL escape syntax.

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