Options for Specifying the Observations

You can use any of the following keywords for range:

ALL

specifies all observations.

CURRENT

specifies the current observation (this is the default for the LIST statement).

NEXT <number>

specifies the next observation or the next number of observations.

AFTER

specifies all observations after the current one.

POINT value

specifies observations specified by number, where value can be one of the following:

Value	Example
A single record number	point 5
A literal that contains several	point {2 5 10}
record numbers
The name of a matrix	point p
that contains record numbers
An expression in parentheses	point (p+1)

If the current data set has an index in use (see the INDEX statement), the POINT option is invalid.

Options for Specifying the Variables

You can specify a set of variables to use with the VAR clause. The operand can be specified as one of the following:

• a literal that contains variable names

• the name of a matrix that contains variable names

• an expression in parentheses that yields variable names

• one of the keywords described in the following list:

  _ALL_

  for all variables

  _CHAR_

  for all character variables

  _NUM_

  for all numeric variables

The following examples show each possible way you can use the VAR clause:

var {x1 x5 x9};          /* a literal matrix of names         */
var x;                   /* a matrix that contains the names  */
var("x1":"x9");          /* an expression                     */
var _all_;               /* a keyword                         */

Options for Filtering the Observations

The WHERE clause conditionally selects observations, within the range specification, according to conditions given in the clause. The general form of the WHERE clause is

The arguments to the WHERE clause are as follows:

variable

is a variable in the SAS data set.

comparison-op

is any one of the following comparison operators:

<

less than

<=

less than or equal to

=

equal to

>

greater than

>=

greater than or equal to

=

not equal to

?

contains a given string

?

does not contain a given string

=:

begins with a given string

=*

sounds like or is spelled like a given string

operand

is a literal value, a matrix name, or an expression in parentheses.

WHERE comparison arguments can be matrices. For the following operators, the WHERE clause succeeds if all the elements in the matrix satisfy the condition:

For the following operators, the WHERE clause succeeds if any of the elements in the matrix satisfy the condition:

Logical expressions can be specified within the WHERE clause by using the AND (&) and OR (|) operators. The general form is as follows:

where clause can be a comparison, a parenthesized clause, or a logical expression clause that is evaluated by using operator precedence.

Note: The expression on the left-hand side refers to values of the data set variables and the expression on the right-hand side refers to matrix values.

The following examples demonstrate the use of the LIST statement. The output is not shown.

data class;
   set sashelp.class;
run;

proc iml;
use class;

list all;                               /* lists whole data set */
list;                              /* lists current observation */
list var{name age};        /* lists NAME and AGE in current obs */
list all where(age<=13); /* lists all obs where condition holds */
list next;                            /* lists next observation */
list point 18;                          /* lists observation 18 */
list point (10:15);         /* lists observations 10 through 15 */

close class;