SAS/IML(R) 9.2 User's Guide
What's New in SAS/IML- New Features
- Modules for Multivariate Random Sampling
- Performance Improvements
- ODS Statistical Graphics Interface
- BSPLINE Function
- Vector-Matrix Operations
- GEOMEAN and HARMEAN Functions
- New Related Software
- Introduction to SAS/IML Software
- Understanding the Interactive Matrix Language
- Defining a Matrix
- Matrix Names and Literals
- Creating Matrices from Matrix Literals
- Scalar Literals
- Numeric Literals
- Character Literals
- Repetition Factors
- Reassigning Values
- Assignment Statements
- Types of Statements
- Missing Values
- Summary
- Tutorial: A Module for Linear Regression
- Working with Matrices
- Overview
- Entering Data as Matrix Literals
- Using Assignment Statements
- Using Matrix Expressions
- Displaying Matrices with Row and Column Headings
- More about Missing Values
- Programming Statements
- Overview
- IF-THEN/ELSE Statements
- DO Groups
- Iterative Execution
- Jumping
- Module Definition and Execution
- Defining and Executing a Module
- Nesting Modules
- Understanding Symbol Tables
- Modules with No Arguments
- Modules with Arguments
- More about Argument Passing
- Module Storage
- Stopping Execution
- Summary
- Working with SAS Data Sets
- Overview
- Opening a SAS Data Set
- Making a SAS Data Set Current
- Displaying SAS Data Set Information
- Referring to a SAS Data Set
- Listing Observations
- Reading Observations from a SAS Data Set
- Using the READ Statement with the VAR Clause
- Using the READ Statement with the VAR and INTO Clauses
- Using the READ Statement with the WHERE Clause
- Editing a SAS Data Set
- Creating a SAS Data Set from a Matrix
- Understanding the End-of-File Condition
- Producing Summary Statistics
- Sorting a SAS Data Set
- Indexing a SAS Data Set
- Data Set Maintenance Functions
- Summary of Commands
- Comparison with the SAS DATA Step
- Summary
- File Access
- Overview
- Referring to an External File
- Reading from an External File
- Writing to an External File
- Listing Your External Files
- Closing an External File
- Summary
- General Statistics Examples
- Overview
- General Statistics Examples
- Example 8.1: Correlation
- Example 8.2: Newton's Method for Solving Nonlinear Systems of Equations
- Example 8.3: Regression
- Example 8.4: Alpha Factor Analysis
- Example 8.5: Categorical Linear Models
- Example 8.6: Regression of Subsets of Variables
- Example 8.7: Response Surface Methodology
- Example 8.8: Logistic and Probit Regression for Binary Response Models
- Example 8.9: Linear Programming
- Example 8.10: Quadratic Programming
- Example 8.11: Regression Quantiles
- Example 8.12: Simulations of a Univariate ARMA Process
- Example 8.13: Parameter Estimation for a Regression Model with ARMA Errors
- Example 8.14: Iterative Proportional Fitting
- Example 8.15: Full-Screen Nonlinear Regression
- References
- Robust Regression Examples
- Overview
- Using LMS and LTS
- Example 9.1: LMS and LTS with Substantial Leverage Points: Hertzsprung-Russell Star Data
- Example 9.2: Comparison of LMS, V7 LTS, and FAST-LTS
- Example 9.3: LMS and LTS Univariate (Location) Problem: Barnett and Lewis Data
- Using MVE and MCD
- Combining Robust Residual and Robust Distance
- References
- Time Series Analysis and Examples
- Overview
- Basic Time Series Subroutines
- Time Series Analysis and Control Subroutines
- Getting Started
- Syntax
- Details
- Minimum AIC Procedure
- Smoothness Priors Modeling
- Bayesian Seasonal Adjustment
- Nonstationary Time Series
- Multivariate Time Series Analysis
- Spectral Analysis
- Computational Details
- Missing Values
- ISM TIMSAC Packages
- Example 10.1: VAR Estimation and Variance Decomposition
- Kalman Filter Subroutines
- Getting Started
- Syntax
- Example 10.2: Kalman Filtering: Likelihood Function Evaluation
- Example 10.3: Kalman Filtering: SSM Estimation With the EM Algorithm
- Example 10.4: Diffuse Kalman Filtering
- Vector Time Series Analysis Subroutines
- Fractionally Integrated Time Series Analysis
- References
- Nonlinear Optimization Examples
- Overview
- Getting Started
- Details
- Global versus Local Optima
- Kuhn-Tucker Conditions
- Definition of Return Codes
- Objective Function and Derivatives
- Finite-Difference Approximations of Derivatives
- Parameter Constraints
- Options Vector
- Termination Criteria
- Control Parameters Vector
- Printing the Optimization History
- Nonlinear Optimization Examples
- Example 11.1: Chemical Equilibrium
- Example 11.2: Network Flow and Delay
- Example 11.3: Compartmental Analysis
- Example 11.4: MLEs for Two-Parameter Weibull Distribution
- Example 11.5: Profile-Likelihood-Based Confidence Intervals
- Example 11.6: Survival Curve for Interval Censored Data
- Example 11.7: A Two-Equation Maximum Likelihood Problem
- Example 11.8: Time-Optimal Heat Conduction
- References
- Graphics Examples
- Overview
- An Introductory Graph
- Details
- Graphics Segments
- Segment Attributes
- Coordinate Systems
- Windows and Viewports
- Clipping Your Graphs
- Common Arguments
- Graphics Examples
- Window and Display Features
- Overview
- Creating a Display Window for Data Entry
- Using the WINDOW Statement
- Using the DISPLAY Statement
- Details about Windows
- Storage Features
- Using SAS/IML Software to Generate IML Statements
- Overview
- Generating and Executing Statements
- Executing a String Immediately
- Feeding an Interactive Program
- Calling the Operating System
- Calling the SAS Windowing Environment
- Executing Any Command in an EXECUTE Call
- Making Operands More Flexible
- Interrupt Control
- Specific Error Control
- General Error Control
- Macro Interface
- IML Line Pushing Contrasted with Using the Macro Facility
- Example 15.1: Full-Screen Editing
- Summary
- Wavelet Analysis
- Overview
- Getting Started
- Creating the Wavelet Decomposition
- Wavelet Coefficient Plots
- Multiresolution Approximation Plots
- Multiresolution Decomposition Plots
- Wavelet Scalograms
- Reconstructing the Signal from the Wavelet Decomposition
- Details
- References
- Genetic Algorithms
- Overview
- Formulating a Genetic Algorithm Optimization
- Choosing the Problem Encoding
- Setting the Objective Function
- Controlling the Selection Process
- Using Crossover and Mutation Operators
- Executing a Genetic Algorithm
- Setting Up the IML Program
- Incorporating Local Optimization
- Handling Constraints
- Example 17.1: Genetic Algorithm with Local Optimization
- Example 17.2: Real-Valued Objective Optimization with Constant Bounds
- Example 17.3: Integer Programming Knapsack Problem
- Example 17.4: Optimization with Linear Constraints Using Repair Strategy
- References
- Sparse Matrix Algorithms
- Overview
- Iterative Methods
- Input Data Description
- Example: Conjugate Gradient Algorithm
- Example: Minimum Residual Algorithm
- Example: Biconjugate Gradient Algorithm
- Symbolic LDL and Cholesky Factorizations
- References
- Further Notes
- Memory and Workspace
- Accuracy
- Error Diagnostics
- Efficiency
- Missing Values
- Principles of Operation
- Operation-Level Execution
- Language Reference
- Overview
- Operators
- Addition Operator: +
- Comparison Operators: < > = <= >= ^=
- Concatenation Operator, Horizontal: ||
- Concatenation Operator, Vertical: //
- Direct Product Operator: @
- Division Operator: /
- Element Maximum Operator: <>
- Element Minimum Operator: ><
- Index Creation Operator: :
- Logical Operators: & | ^
- Multiplication Operator, Elementwise: #
- Multiplication Operator, Matrix: *
- Power Operator, Elementwise: ##
- Power Operator, Matrix: **
- Sign Reverse Operator: -
- Subscripts: [ ]
- Subtraction Operator: -
- Transpose Operator: `
- Statements, Functions, and Subroutines
- ABORT Statement
- ABS Function
- ALL Function
- ANY Function
- APPCORT Call
- APPEND Statement
- APPLY Function
- ARMACOV Call
- ARMALIK Call
- ARMASIM Function
- BLOCK Function
- BRANKS Function
- BSPLINE Function
- BTRAN Function
- BYTE Function
- CALL Statement
- CHANGE Call
- CHAR Function
- CHOOSE Function
- CLOSE Statement
- CLOSEFILE Statement
- COMPORT Call
- CONCAT Function
- CONTENTS Function
- CONVEXIT Function
- COVLAG Function
- CREATE Statement
- CSHAPE Function
- CUSUM Function
- CVEXHULL Function
- DATASETS Function
- DELETE Call
- DELETE Statement
- DESIGN Function
- DESIGNF Function
- DET Function
- DIAG Function
- DISPLAY Statement
- DO Function
- DO and END Statements
- DO Statement, Iterative
- DO DATA Statement
- DO Statement with an UNTIL Clause
- DO Statement with a WHILE Clause
- DURATION Function
- ECHELON Function
- EDIT Statement
- EIGEN Call
- EIGVAL Function
- EIGVEC Function
- END Statement
- EXECUTE Call
- EXP Function
- FARMACOV Call
- FARMAFIT Call
- FARMALIK Call
- FARMASIM Call
- FDIF Call
- FFT Function
- FILE Statement
- FIND Statement
- FINISH Statement
- FORCE Statement
- FORWARD Function
- FREE Statement
- GAEND Call - Experimental
- GAGETMEM Call - Experimental
- GAGETVAL Call - Experimental
- GAINIT Call - Experimental
- GAREEVAL Call - Experimental
- GAREGEN Call - Experimental
- GASETCRO Call - Experimental
- GASETMUT Call - Experimental
- GASETOBJ Call - Experimental
- GASETSEL Call - Experimental
- GASETUP Function - Experimental
- GBLKVP Call
- GBLKVPD Call
- GCLOSE Call
- GDELETE Call
- GDRAW Call
- GDRAWL Call
- GENEIG Call
- GEOMEAN Function
- GGRID Call
- GINCLUDE Call
- GINV Function
- GOPEN Call
- GOTO Statement
- GPIE Call
- GPIEXY Call
- GPOINT Call
- GPOLY Call
- GPORT Call
- GPORTPOP Call
- GPORTSTK Call
- GSCALE Call
- GSCRIPT Call
- GSET Call
- GSHOW Call
- GSORTH Call
- GSTART Call
- GSTOP Call
- GSTRLEN Call
- GTEXT and GVTEXT Calls
- GWINDOW Call
- GXAXIS and GYAXIS Calls
- HADAMARD Function
- HALF Function
- HANKEL Function
- HARMEAN Function
- HDIR Function
- HERMITE Function
- HOMOGEN Function
- I Function
- IF-THEN/ELSE Statement
- IFFT Function
- INDEX Statement
- INFILE Statement
- INPUT Statement
- INSERT Function
- INT Function
- INV Function
- INVUPDT Function
- IPF Call
- ITSOLVER Call
- J Function
- JROOT Function
- KALCVF Call
- KALCVS Call
- KALDFF Call
- KALDFS Call
- LAV Call
- LCP Call
- LENGTH Function
- LINK and RETURN Statements
- LIST Statement
- LMS Call
- LOAD Statement
- LOC Function
- LOG Function
- LP Call
- LTS Call
- LUPDT Call
- MAD Function
- MARG Call
- MATTRIB Statement
- MAX Function
- MAXQFORM Call
- MCD Call
- MIN Function
- MOD Function
- MODULEI Call
- MODULEIC Function
- MODULEIN Function
- MVE Call
- NAME Function
- NCOL Function
- NLENG Function
- Nonlinear Optimization and Related Subroutines
- NLPCG Call
- NLPDD Call
- NLPFDD Call
- NLPFEA Call
- NLPHQN Call
- NLPLM Call
- NLPNMS Call
- NLPNRA Call
- NLPNRR Call
- NLPQN Call
- NLPQUA Call
- NLPTR Call
- NORMAL Function
- NROW Function
- NUM Function
- ODE Call
- ODSGRAPH Call
- OPSCAL Function
- ORPOL Function
- ORTVEC Call
- PAUSE Statement
- PGRAF Call
- POLYROOT Function
- PRINT Statement
- PRODUCT Function
- PURGE Statement
- PUSH Call
- PUT Statement
- PV Function
- QR Call
- QUAD Call
- QUEUE Call
- QUIT Statement
- RANDGEN Call
- RANDSEED Call
- RANK Function
- RANKTIE Function
- RATES Function
- RATIO Function
- RDODT and RUPDT Calls
- READ Statement
- REMOVE Function
- REMOVE Statement
- RENAME Call
- REPEAT Function
- REPLACE Statement
- RESET Statement
- RESUME Statement
- RETURN Statement
- ROOT Function
- ROWCAT Function
- ROWCATC Function
- RUN Statement
- RUPDT Call
- RZLIND Call
- SAVE Statement
- SEQ, SEQSCALE, and SEQSHIFT Calls
- SEQSCALE Call
- SEQSHIFT Call
- SETDIF Function
- SETIN Statement
- SETOUT Statement
- SHAPE Function
- SHOW Statement
- SOLVE Function
- SOLVELIN Call
- SORT Call
- SORT Statement
- SORTNDX Call
- SOUND Call
- SPLINE and SPLINEC Calls
- SPLINEV Function
- SPOT Function
- SQRSYM Function
- SQRT Function
- SSQ Function
- START and FINISH Statements
- STOP Statement
- STORAGE Function
- STORE Statement
- SUBSTR Function
- SUM Function
- SUMMARY Statement
- SVD Call
- SWEEP Function
- SYMSQR Function
- T Function
- TEIGEN Call
- TEIGVAL Function
- TEIGVEC Function
- TOEPLITZ Function
- TPSPLINE Call
- TPSPLNEV Call
- TRACE Function
- TRISOLV Function
- TSBAYSEA Call
- TSDECOMP Call
- TSMLOCAR Call
- TSMLOMAR Call
- TSMULMAR Call
- TSPEARS Call
- TSPRED Call
- TSROOT Call
- TSTVCAR Call
- TSUNIMAR Call
- TYPE Function
- UNIFORM Function
- UNION Function
- UNIQUE Function
- UNIQUEBY Function
- USE Statement
- VALSET Call
- VALUE Function
- VARMACOV Call
- VARMALIK Call
- VARMASIM Call
- VECDIAG Function
- VNORMAL Call
- VTSROOT Call
- WAVFT Call
- WAVGET Call
- WAVIFT Call
- WAVPRINT Call
- WAVTHRSH Call
- WINDOW Statement
- XMULT Function
- XSECT Function
- YIELD Function
- Base SAS Functions Accessible from SAS/IML
- Bitwise Logical Operation Functions
- Character and Formatting Functions
- Character String Matching Functions and Subroutines
- Date and Time Functions
- Descriptive Statistics Functions and Subroutines
- Double-Byte Character String Functions
- External Files Functions
- File I/O Functions
- Financial Functions
- Macro Functions and Subroutines
- Mathematical Functions and Subroutines
- Probability Functions
- Quantile Functions
- Random Number Functions and Subroutines
- State and Zip Code Functions
- Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions
- Truncation Functions
- Web Tools
- References
- Module Library
- Overview
- Contents of IMLMLIB
- IMLMLIB and the STORAGE library
- Accessing the IML Source Code
- Order of Resolution
- Error Diagnostics
- Modules for Multivariate Random Sampling
- Modules Reference
- COLVEC Function
- CORR Function
- EXPMATRIX Function
- GBXWHSKR Call
- GPROBCNT Call
- GXYPLOT Call
- MEDIAN Function
- QUADREG Call
- QUARTILE Function
- RANDDIRICHLET Function
- RANDMULTINOMIAL Function
- RANDMVT Function
- RANDNORMAL Function
- RANDWISHART Function
- REGRESS Call
- ROWVEC Function
- RSUBSTR Function
- STANDARD Function
- TABPRT Call
- References
Index here
| Product | Release |
|---|---|
| SAS/IML | 9.2 |
- Type
- Usage and Reference
- Copyright Date
- March 2008
- Last Updated
- 30Sep2009
| What's New in SAS/IML 9.2 |
Performance Improvements
Several optimization methods have been implemented to speed up basic matrix operations and improve the efficiency of memory management in SAS/IML. These changes result in faster-running SAS/IML programs.
Copyright © 2009 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.
