Calling Functions in the R Language

Submitting R statements is similar to submitting SAS statements. You use a SUBMIT statement, but add the R option: SUBMIT / R. All statements in the program prior to the next ENDSUBMIT statement are sent to R for execution.

The simplest program that calls R is one that does not transfer any data between the two environments. In the following program, SAS/IML is used to compute the product of a matrix and a vector. The result is printed. Then the SUBMIT statement with the R option is used to send an equivalent set of statements to R.

proc iml;
/* Comparison of matrix operations in IML and R */
print "----------  SAS/IML Results  -----------------";
x = 1:3;                                 /* vector of sequence 1,2,3 */
m = {1 2 3, 4 5 6, 7 8 9};               /* 3x3 matrix */
q = m * t(x);                            /* matrix multiplication */
print q;

print "-------------  R Results  --------------------";
submit / R;
  rx <- matrix( 1:3, nrow=1)             # vector of sequence 1,2,3
  rm <- matrix( 1:9, nrow=3, byrow=TRUE) # 3x3 matrix
  rq <- rm %*% t(rx)                     # matrix multiplication
  print(rq)
endsubmit;

     [,1]                                                                       
[1,]   14                                                                       
[2,]   32                                                                       
[3,]   50                                                                       

The printed output from R is automatically routed to the SAS/IML Studio output window, as shown in Figure 11.1. As expected, the result of the computation is the same in R as in SAS/IML.